共代谢膜生物反应器法处理二甲基亚砜废水

采用蔗糖作为共代谢基质与一体式好氧膜生物反应器（MBR）工艺相结合处理二甲基亚砜（DMSO）废水。考察了装置的污泥驯化效果、DMSO去除率、污泥的性能、HRT和冲击负荷对DMSO去除率的影响。试验结果表明：驯化第29天,DMSO去除率达98.5%,表明MBR内的污泥已驯化成功;在MBR运行的正式期,当DMSO处于高负荷状态时,DMSO去除率较低;随蔗糖加入量的增加,DMSO去除率逐渐提高,最终恢复到DMSO高负荷冲击前的DMSO去除效果;正常运行时,装置进水ρ（DMSO）=257~1 448 mg/L（平均值为718 mg/L）、出水ρ（DMSO）=6~22 mg/L（平均值为7 mg/L）,DMSO去除率为96.4%~99.6%（平均值为98.9%）;在MBR运行的正式期,污泥体积指数小于100 mL/g,表明污泥的沉降性能较好,MLVSS/MLSS较高,表明污泥的活性高,MBR内MLSS的平均值为5.52 g/L,MLVSS的平均值为4.78 g/L;MBR适宜的HRT为12 h。     

高铝粉煤灰提取氧化铝后硅钙渣用作水泥混合材

为了使高铝粉煤灰提取氧化铝后所产生的硅钙渣被大量的用作水泥混合材,通过水泥强度、水化放热和干缩性实验研究了原状硅钙渣和脱碱硅钙渣对水泥强度和稳定性的影响。结果表明,当硅钙渣掺量达30%时,硅钙渣水泥强度仍可满足P·C 32.5水泥要求。且随硅钙渣掺入量的增加,水泥早期水化放热速率增加的同时水泥累计水化放热量和干缩率还会显著降低。与原状硅钙渣相比,在同等掺量的情况下,脱碱硅钙渣更有利于保持水泥强度,降低其水化热和改善干缩性。     

创意产业集聚区外部交往空间规划探索——“心理-行为-空间”互动视角下的实证研究

创意产业集聚区在促进创意产业发展、优化城市空间结构等方面具有重要意义,而以满足创意阶层特征和需求的创意产业集聚区内部公共空间规划的研究相对较少。从创意阶层交往的“心理-行为-空间”这一互动视角出发,选取南京具有代表性的“创意东8区”为研究对象,通过调查问卷、深入访谈和实地观察对创意阶层的“交往心理-交往行为-交往空间”进行了研究。在此基础上,从人口交往空间、中心交往空间、节点交往空间、道路交往空间等方面提出符合创意阶层心理和行为特征,并能促进交往产生的外部交往空间规划设计建议。     

C/N和pH值对高温好氧反硝化菌产N2O的影响研究

以50℃高温、好氧条件下能进行高效好氧反硝化的菌株TAD1为研究对象,在不同C/N和pH值培养条件下,对其24 h的反硝化效率和反硝化过程中N2O的逸出量进行了研究。结果显示,C/N和pH值对菌株TAD1的反硝化效率和N2O产生量有明显影响.菌株TAD1最适宜的C/N为9,pH值为7,此时反硝化效率达到99.12%,N2O产生量仅为3.35×10-2 mg/L,N2 O转化率为0.045%,反硝化产物以氮气为主。另外,菌株TAD1不适宜在酸性条件下生长,pH值为6时反硝化效率为83.18%,N2O产生量为13.88×10-2 mg/L,是pH值为7时的4.14倍,是pH值为8时的5.07倍。     

外循环式UASB反应器处理高浓度酒精废水

利用改进型上流式厌氧污泥床反应器在中温条件下处理高浓度酒精废水,研究反应器的启动影响因素及颗粒污泥形成过程,分析反应器运行特性。在容积负荷为10.39 kg COD/(m3.d),COD去除率达90.2%,VFA在300 mg/L以下,平均产气率为0.328 m3/kg COD,取得最佳的运行效果,为高浓度酒精废水的处理应用提供科学依据。     

汽车共享对城市温室气体排放的影响

近年来我国居民出行的机动化需求越来越高,而严峻的能源环境挑战使得我们不能按照发达国家的千人小汽车拥有水平来发展机动化。汽车共享是一种新兴的绿色机动化服务模式,既可满足成员的机动化出行需求又可降低私人小汽车保有量和出行量,并会因此减少车辆使用产生的温室气体排放。在上海浦东联洋社区、虹口山阴路社区和天山虹桥社区进行居民问卷调查,统计分析结果表明:拥有车辆数多的家庭加入汽车共享的意愿略低于无车家庭,在被调查者中仅有10%左右的人愿意因为汽车共享放弃现有车辆。当通勤距离超过8 000 m时,被调查者对汽车共享的需求下降,而达到14 000 m以后,对汽车共享的需求会再次上升。当汽车共享的出行费用分别为20元/h,25元/h和30元/h时,日常采购出行加入汽车共享的意愿分别为75.28%,60.89%和36.54%;机场出行加入汽车共享的意愿分别为79.34%,67.16%和46.86%;休闲出行加入汽车共享的意愿分别为85.24%,65.69%和44.28%。计算271份样本的汽车共享效应,得到汽车行驶里程年折减量为228 520 km,费用折减每年1 465 185元,CO2排放年折减61 035 kg。因此,在我国城市中积极引入汽车共享这种环境友好的用车服务,可以解决一部分居民的机动化需求,由此产生的潜在效应对减少城市温室气体排放有显著意义。     

采用Zn-Se/不锈钢阴极的超声-电解法处理罗丹明B废水

采用超声-电解法考察了Zn-Se/不锈钢阴极处理罗丹明B废水的效果及影响因素。正交实验优化结果表明:在电流密度为2.4A/dm2、废水初始pH为6、超声功率为160W、通气量为10L/h、m(Zn)∶m(Se)为1∶1.5的Zn-Se/不锈钢作阴极、Ti/TiO2和铁网为双阳极的条件下,超声-电解法处理罗丹明B废水120min,废水脱色率为98.97%,COD去除率为88.11%。     

新型材料淀粉微球对Cu2＋、Cr3＋和Pb2＋的吸附机理研究

以可溶性淀粉为原料,在反相悬浮体系中合成N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺交联淀粉微球为载体,研究了新型吸附材料淀粉微球（cross-linked starch microsphere,CSMs）对Mn＋（Cu2＋、Cr3＋、Pb2＋）的静态吸附行为。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和红外光谱仪对微球及其吸附产物进行表征,分析讨论了3种金属原子结构,研究了吸附机理。结果表明：308K时,Cu2＋、Pb2＋和Cr3＋的饱和吸附量分别是2.43、0.30和0.27 mmol/g,CSMs对Cu2＋离子吸附能力最强,并且其通过物理吸附、配位吸附方式吸附Mn＋,并得出引起微球吸附能力大小可能与金属离子电荷、离子半径和外层电子排布的差异因素有关。     

Emission factors and particulate matter size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from residential coal combustions in rural Northern China

Coal consumption is one important contributor to energy production, and is regarded as one of the most important sources of air pollutants that have considerable impacts on human health and climate change. Emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from coal combustion were studied in a typical stove. Emission factors (EFs) of 16 EPA priority PAHs from tested coals ranged from 6.25 ± 1.16 mg kg^?1 (anthracite) to 253 ± 170 mg kg^?1 (bituminous), with NAP and PHE dominated in gaseous and particulate phases, respectively. Size distributions of particulate phase PAHs from tested coals showed that they were mostly associated with particulate matter (PM) with size either between 0.7 and 2.1 μm or less than 0.4 μm (PM_0.4). In the latter category, not only were more PAHs present in PM_0.4, but also contained higher fractions of high molecular weight PAHs. Generally, there were more than 89% of total particulate phase PAHs associated with PM_2.5. Gas-particle partitioning of freshly emitted PAHs from residential coal combustions were thought to be mainly controlled by absorption rather than adsorption, which is similar to those from other sources. Besides, the influence of fuel properties and combustion conditions was further investigated by using stepwise regression analysis, which indicated that almost 57 ± 10% of total variations in PAH EFs can be accounted for by moisture and volatile matter content of coal in residential combustion.     

Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) in biosolids from municipal wastewater treatment plants in China

Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) along with methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) have been frequently identified as natural compounds in marine environment and also assumed as metabolites of PBDEs. In the present study, nine OH-PBDE, nine MeO-PBDE and 10 PBDE congeners were studied in the sewage sludge collected from 36 municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in 27 cities of China. The results suggest that OH-PBDEs and PBDEs are ubiquitous in sewage sludge in China, however, methoxylated PBDEs were not detectable. Composition profiles of detected OH-PBDE congeners were different depending on the sampling location. ΣOH-PBDEs in WWTPs sludge ranged from 0.04 to 2.24 ng g^?1 dry weight (mean: 0.35 ng g^?1 dry weight). The total amount of the two most prominent congeners (6-OH-BDE-47 + 2′-OH-BDE-68) accounted for about 53.3–100% of the sum of all six identified congeners. A significant linear relationship was found between 6-OH-BDE-47 and 2′-OH-BDE-68. A distinct geographical distribution of ΣOH-PBDEs was observed with greater concentrations of OH-PBDEs at coastal areas than inland regions in China.