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Yechiel Soffer Avishay Goldberg Bruria Adini Robert Cohen Menachem Ben‐Ezra Yuval Palgi Nir Essar Yaron Bar‐Dayan 《Disasters》2011,35(1):36-44
Perceptions, knowledge and mitigation are factors that might play a role in preventing injury and loss of life during a major earthquake.2 Little is known about the relationships between different demographic and educational parameters and these factors. A national representative sample of 495 adults was investigated in order to determine the relationship between demographic and educational parameters in terms of the perceived threat, perceived coping, knowledge and mitigation of earthquakes in Israel. Compared to females, males perceived the threat of earthquakes to be lower (t=3.183, p=0.002), manifested higher levels of perceived coping (t=2.55, p=0.011), and had higher levels of earthquake related knowledge (t=2.047, p=0.041). We conclude that there are gender differences in perceptions and knowledge regarding earthquakes. 相似文献
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Pinkert M Leiba A Zaltsman E Erez O Blumenfeld A Avinoam S Laor D Schwartz D Goldberg A Levi Y Bar-Dayan Y 《Disasters》2007,31(3):227-235
Terrorist attacks can occur in remote areas causing mass-casualty incidents MCIs far away from level-1 trauma centres. This study draws lessons from an MCI pertaining to the management of primary and secondary evacuation and the operational mode practiced. Data was collected from formal debriefings during and after the event, and the medical response, interactions and main outcomes analysed using Disastrous Incidents Systematic Analysis through Components, Interactions and Results (DISAST-CIR) methodology. A total of 112 people were evacuated from the scene-66 to the nearby level 3 Laniado hospital, including the eight critically and severely injured patients. Laniado hospital was instructed to act as an evacuation hospital but the flow of patients ended rapidly and it was decided to admit moderately injured victims. We introduce a novel concept of a 'semi-evacuation hospital'. This mode of operation should be selected for small-scale events in which the evacuation hospital has hospitalization capacity and is not geographically isolated. We suggest that level-3 hospitals in remote areas should be prepared and drilled to work in semi-evacuation mode during MCIs. 相似文献
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To date, the field of contaminant geochemistry—which deals with the study of chemical interactions in soil and aquifer environments—has
focused mainly on pollutant toxicity, retention, persistence, and transport and/or on remediation of contaminated sites. Alteration
of subsurface physicochemical properties by anthropogenic chemicals, which reach the land surface as a result of human activity,
has been essentially neglected. Contaminant-induced changes in subsurface properties are usually considered as deviations
from a normal geological environment, which will disappear under natural attenuation or following remediation procedures.
However, contaminants may in many cases cause irreversible changes in both structure and properties of the soil–subsurface
geosystem between the land surface and groundwater. The time scales associated with these changes are on a “human time scale”,
far shorter than geological scales relevant for geochemical processes. In this review, we draw attention to a new perspective
of contaminant geochemistry, namely, irreversible changes in the subsurface as a result of anthropogenic chemical pollution.
We begin by briefly reviewing processes governing contaminant–subsurface interactions. We then survey how chemical contamination
causes irreversible changes in subsurface structure and properties. The magnitude of the anthropogenic impact on the soil
and subsurface is linked directly to the amounts of chemical contaminants applied and/or disposed of on the land surface.
This particular aspect is of major importance when examining the effects of humans on global environmental changes. Consideration
of these phenomena opens new perspectives for the field of contaminant geochemistry and for research of human impacts on the
soil and subsurface regimes. 相似文献
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