Co-metabolic transformation of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid by the new soil isolate Pseudoxanthomonas indica CGMCC 6648

A new imidacloprid (IMI) degrading bacterium Z-9 (deposited number CGMCC 6648) was isolated and identified as Pseudoxanthomonas indica by 16S rRNA gene analysis. Two metabolites were identified as olefin and 5-hydroxy IMI by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. P. indica CGMCC 6648 degraded 70.1% of IMI (1.22 mmol L^?1) and formed 0.93 mmol L^?1 5-hydroxy IMI and 0.05 mmol L^?1 olefin IMI in 6 days and in the presence of 100 mmol L^?1 glucose. The half-life of IMI degradation was 3.6 days. P. indica CGMCC 6648 transforms IMI via a co-metabolism mechanism and different carbohydrates have significant effects on 5-hydroxy IMI formation, whereas different organic acids have substantial effects on olefin IMI production. Lactose is the best co-substrate for IMI degradation and 5-hydroxy IMI formation with 0.77 mmol L^?1 degraded and 0.67 mmol L^?1 formed in 48 h, respectively. Pyruvate is the best co-substrate for olefin IMI formation with 0.17 mmol L^?1 produced in 96 h for all carbon sources tested. Pyruvate significantly stimulates the conversion of 5-hydroxy IMI to olefin IMI, whereas glucose slightly inhibits this reaction. P. indica CGMCC 6648 rapidly degrades IMI and forms olefin IMI, which may enhance its potential for biodegradation of IMI and increase its insecticidal activity, which can decrease the IMI dosage required.     

Na_2CO_3对回填材料膨润土的改型效果分析

以新疆柯尔碱膨润土为原料,加入不同比例的Na2CO3改型剂,研究改型剂添加对膨润土胶质价、膨胀容和pH值的影响。另外,考虑到压实膨润土的非饱和渗透特性对于评价缓冲回填材料性能具有重要意义,故采用压力膜仪测量压实Na2CO3改型膨润土和原土的土水特征曲线,分析研究二者基质吸力随体积含水率变化的相关关系。实验结果显示,添加Na2CO3改型剂可以增大膨润土的胶质价、膨胀容和pH值,成功地将膨润土中的钙蒙脱石转化为钠蒙脱石,其对柯尔碱膨润土pH值的作用效果满足地质处置库对缓冲回填材料的要求;改型后膨润土的持水能力明显大于原土。     

兰州市大气颗粒物多环芳烃的恒能量同步荧光光谱特征研究

通过传统单波长激发/发射荧光光谱法与恒能量同步荧光光谱法进行对比,对大气颗粒物中多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了定性定量分析,采用恒能量同步荧光光谱法在不同能量差下建立了15种典型PAHs成分的恒能量同步荧光法的标准谱库.在各PAHs在最佳能量差下进行定量分析,结果表明,除苊荧光信号响应较差外,其余PAHs的LOD和LOQ分别为0.0580～3.18、0.232～12.7 ng·mL~(-1).15种PAHs的空白和一定浓度下的加标回收率范围在82.8%～120.0%,相对标准偏差范围在0.51%～5.87%之间,以恒能量同步荧光光谱进行了兰州地区大气颗粒物中15种PAHs分布特征分析.     

不确定背景值下浅水湖泊沉积物重金属生态风险评价

基于安徽某湖泊沉积物柱状样重金属实测含量,研究了各类重金属的垂向变化趋势及来源;采用拉丁超立方抽样方法随机产生已知范围内的重金属背景值,计算沉积物重金属综合潜在生态风险水平,研究其结果不确定性,评价湖泊沉积物重金属污染程度.结果表明,沉积物重金属的含量及综合潜在生态风险水平沿深度方向呈逐渐降低的趋势,上层沉积物存在较高的综合潜在生态风险;不确定性评价方法可以在沉积物垂向上得到沉积物重金属综合潜在生态风险水平的包络面,不确定性的结果可以给出综合潜在生态风险超出风险阈值的可信度和特定置信度下的综合潜在生态风险指数置信区间;90%置信度下两个沉积物采样点上层重金属综合潜在生态风险指数（RI）的置信区间分别为340.08~412.89和271.61~327.67,处于重度综合潜在生态风险水平阈值附近的评价结果让不同风险偏好的决策者在面临修复、清淤等决策时可以做出符合自身预期的决策.     

Microbial response to CaCO3 application in an acid soil in southern China

Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) application is widely used to ameliorate soil acidification. To counteract soil and bacterial community response to CaCO₃ application in an acidic paddy soil in southern China, a field experiment was conducted with four different dosages of CaCO₃ addition, 0, 2.25, 4.5 and 7.5?tons/ha, respectively. After one seasonal growth of rice, soil physicochemical properties, soil respiration and bacterial communities were investigated. Results showed that soil pH increased accordingly with increasing dose of CaCO₃ addition, and 7.5?tons/ha addition increased soil pH to neutral condition. Moderate dose of CaCO₃ application (4.5?tons/ha) significantly increased soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) content, enhanced soil respiration, while the excessive CaCO₃ application (7.5?tons/ha) decreased these soil properties. High-throughput sequencing results illustrated that moderate dose of CaCO₃ application increased the richness and alpha diversity of soil bacterial community. Compared with control, the relative abundance of Anaerolineaceae family belonging to Chloroflexi phylum increased by 38.7%, 35.4% and 24.5% under 2.25, 4.5 and 7.5?tons/ha treatments, respectively. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that soil pH was the most important factor shaping soil bacterial community. The results of this study suggest that proper dose of CaCO₃ additions to acid paddy soil in southern China could have positive effects on soil properties and bacterial community.     

One-step synthesis of Cu(II) metal–organic gel as recyclable material for rapid, efficient and size selective cationic dyes adsorption

Efficient removal of non-biodegradable and hazardous dyes from wastewater remains a hot research topic. Herein, a rationally designed a Cu(Ⅱ)-based metal–organic gel(Cu-MOG) with a nanoporous 3 D network structure prepared via a simple one-step mixing method was successfully employed for the removal of cationic dyes. The Cu-MOG exhibited high efficiency, with an adsorption capacity of up to 650.32 mg/g, and rapid adsorption efficiency, with the ability to adsorb 80% of Neutral Red within 1 min. The high adsorption efficiency was attributed to its large specific surface area, which enabled it to massively bind cationic dyes through electrostatic interaction, and a nanoporous structure that promoted intra-pore diffusion. Remarkably, the Cu-MOG displayed size-selective adsorption, based on adsorption studies concerning dyes of different sizes as calculated by density functional theory. Additionally, the adsorption performance of the Cu-MOG still maintained removal efficiency of 100% after three regeneration cycles. These results suggested that the Cu-MOG could be expected to be a promising and competitive candidate to conveniently process wastewater.     

不同条件下进行渗后扩散的铝硅涂层氧化行为研究

目的提高铝硅涂层的抗氧化性能。方法采用料浆法在DZ417G定向凝固镍基高温合金叶片的燃气流道表面制备铝硅防护涂层,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析不同条件下进行渗后扩散的铝硅涂层表面显微组织形貌和截面显微组织形貌。结果无保护气氛下进行渗后扩散处理的铝硅涂层,在扩散过程中就已经发生了氧化,氧化过程首先形成多孔非致密结构的θ-Al_2O_3相,随着氧化过程的进行,θ-Al_2O_3相逐渐转变成致密结构的α-Al_2O_3相,从而起到真正的抗氧化作用。结论铝硅涂层中的Al元素提前被消耗,对铝硅涂层的使用寿命存在一定影响,因而渗后扩散须保证在真空条件下或有保护气氛条件下进行,使叶片表面渗后的铝浓度达到一定的要求,从而在使用过程中可以生成致密结构的α-Al_2O_3相,起到抗氧化作用,提高叶片的使用寿命。     

蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术测试石油化工废水的生物毒性

利用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术监测石油化工废水遗传毒性，并利用污染指数进行毒性等级的划分，各排口废水均有不同程度的遗传毒性效应。评价其废水的处理效果，经F检验结果表明，处理前后MCN‰有显著性差异。     

秦山三期核电工程气象相关实验研究及其在选址评价中的应用

１９９５年９、１０月间在秦山三期核电厂址进行了气象相关实验，即在秦山一、二、三期进行低空风、温与地面风的同步观测，在三期厂址进行平衡球测扩散参数，风洞模拟实验测量建筑群对流场与扩散参数的影响．并探讨如何应用气象相关实验结果由已建厂址的气象数据来估算新建厂址年均扩散因子的方法与公式．     

从世界大河流域开发实践构想长江开发模式

通过分析世界大河流域开发的多种模式，研究可遵循的客观规律和存在问题。借鉴其经验教训，探讨充分有效开发长江流域的模式。提出“突出重点，综合利用，高效运作，协调发展”的战略思想，力争把长江流域建成我国的一级经济轴线和世界规模最大的现代化沿江产业带。