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801.
Jihoon Park Moon Seong Kang Inhong Song 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2015,51(3):859-876
The objective of this article was to assess flood vulnerability based on the representative concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios at city and county levels. A quantile mapping method was adopted to correct bias that is inherent in climate change scenarios. A series of proxy variables related to climate exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity were chosen to assess flood vulnerability. Proxy variables were standardized using the Z‐score method. Principal component analysis was carried out to calculate the weighting of proxy variables. The study area was the Korean peninsula. The spatial resolution was on a city and county basis and the temporal resolution was 1990s, 2025s, 2055s, and 2085s (divided into 1976‐2005, 2011‐2040, 2041‐2070, and 2071‐2100). In the spatial comparison, we found that the areas with high‐level flood vulnerability increased over time in the central region, including metropolitan areas, and near the southern coast. In the temporal comparison, we found that the RCP4.5 scenario showed a tendency to increase steadily and the RCP8.5 scenario showed a tendency to decrease in the 2055s slightly and increase again in the 2085s. The study findings may provide useful data for the determination of priority for countermeasure development, though robustness of these findings with additional future projections should be established. 相似文献
802.
Effects of regional vs. ecological factors on plant species richness: an intercontinental analysis 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Conclusions from past studies on the roles that historical and regional factors and contemporary and ecological factors have played in regulating large-scale patterns of species richness have been controversial. Conflicting past results were likely affected by differences in the range of environments analyzed and the scales of observation. Eastern North America and eastern Asia are ideal regions for examining the relative effects of historical and regional factors and contemporary and ecological factors on large-scale patterns of plant species richness because these two regions are closely matched in terms of climate and because their floras originated from the same paleoflora but have experienced different histories of development since the late Paleogene when climate cooling caused their separation. We report on a comprehensive data set of 471 floras ranging from 10 km2 to 4.7 x 10(6) km2 and spanning a wide range of climate and latitude (from 21 degrees to 55 degrees N) to examine whether the contribution of region relative to climate persists from small to large floras and increases from cooler to warmer climates. We found that eastern Asia is richer than eastern North America when sample area, maximum elevation, and climate are accounted for, that this difference diminishes toward higher latitudes, and that elevation plays a much stronger role in eastern Asia than in eastern North America. Our analysis reconciles contemporary/ecological and historical/regional explanations for species richness variation and helps explain why different conclusions have been reached by different authors working in the same geographical areas: the strength of the region effect itself varies with location and range of climatic conditions of the observations. 相似文献
803.
Mobilization of heavy metals from contaminated paddy soil by EDDS,EDTA, and elemental sulfur 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wang G Koopmans GF Song J Temminghoff EJ Luo Y Zhao Q Japenga J 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2007,29(3):221-235
For enhanced phytoextraction, mobilization of heavy metals (HMs) from the soil solid phase to soil pore water is an important
process. A pot incubation experiment mimicking field conditions was conducted to investigate the performance of three soil
additives in mobilizing HMs from contaminated paddy soil (Gleyi-Stagnic Anthrosol): the [S, S]-isomer of ethylenediamine disuccinate
(EDDS) with application rates of 2.3, 4.3, and 11.8 mmol kg−1 of soil, ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA; 1.4, 3.8, and 7.5 mmol kg−1), and elemental sulfur (100, 200, and 400 mmol kg−1). Temporal changes in soil pore water HM and dissolved organic carbon concentrations and pH were monitored for a period of
119 days. EDDS was the most effective additive in mobilizing soil Cu. However, EDDS was only effective during the first 24
to 52 days, and was readily biodegraded with a half-life of 4.1 to 8.7 days. The effectiveness of EDDS decreased at the highest
application rate, most probably as a result of depletion of the readily desorbable Cu pool in soil. EDTA increased the concentrations
of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd in the soil pore water, and remained effective during the whole incubation period due to its persistence.
The highest rate of sulfur application led to a decrease in pH to around 4. This increased the pore water HM concentrations,
especially those of Zn and Cd. Concentrations of HMs in the soil pore water can be regulated to a large extent by choosing
the proper application rate of EDDS, EDTA, or sulfur. Hence, a preliminary work such as our pot experiment in combination
with further plant experiments (not included in this study) will provide a good tool to evaluate the applicability of different
soil additives for enhanced phytoextraction of a specific soil. 相似文献
804.
805.
Gao Xing Wang Jie Li Chenxi Shen Weining Song Zhaoying Nie Chengjing Zhang Xueru 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(24):31043-31058
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Simulating changes in the value of ecosystem services caused by land use changes in large cities under multiple scenarios is of great significance for... 相似文献
806.
Jiang Zhou Jin Peizhen Mishra Nishikant Song Malin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(26):21351-21360
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The problems with China’s regional industrial overcapacity are often influenced by local governments. This study constructs a framework that... 相似文献
807.
Accurate crop residue resource estimation is important for bioenergy development.This is done by the ratio of residue to grain(R/G),which is usually regarded constant and is widely used for crop residue estimation though uncertainty is inevitable in practice.In this study,a Monte Carlo algorithm was applied to estimate national crop residue by R/G taken from published reports in China.The estimated result was further mapped in pixels by geographic information system.In2009,the amount of crop residue was found to be 802.32 million tons(Mt),with 679.36 and 947.28 Mt as the lower and upper limits for 95%confidence limits.Chinese crop residue was dominated by rice,wheat,and corn,accounting for74.57%(598.29 Mt).From 1949 to 2009,the amount of crop residue increased by four times,accompanied by component change.The spatial distribution of crop residue in China is markedly heterogeneous.Compared to the shortage of crop residue in northwest China,there is an abundant crop residue of about 334 Mt in eastern China,attracting 90%of the country's electricity or heat generation plants. 相似文献
808.
809.
810.