自治区级岱海湖泊湿地自然保护区回顾性调查

2000年,地方级内蒙古岱海湖泊湿地自然保护区建立,翌年,保护区升级为自治区级。2004年和2007年,保护区进行了首次和二次功能区调整。2008年,自治区生态环境监测站对保护区以聘请植物分类学专家现场植物调查、土壤采样分析、大比例尺遥感解译、G IS建立数据库等方法进行了回顾性调查。调查结果显示,自治区级内蒙古岱海湖泊湿地自然保护区现状不容乐观。     

城市污水处理厂应用纯氧曝气技术的探讨

近年来随着我国国民经济迅猛发展,对生活污水处理的要求也越来越高,运用纯氧曝气活性污泥工艺处理生活污水不失为一个良策。通过对青岛市即墨市污水处理厂扩建项目的分析,阐释了纯氧曝气的理论、工艺的选择以及纯氧曝气的经济性分析,论述了纯氧曝气技术在我国中小城市污水处理厂应用的可行性。随着国家新标准对污水脱氮除磷要求的增加．纯氧曝气在城市污水处理厂老厂的改造和新厂的建设中显示出很好的应用前景。     

Organic and inorganic phosphorus uptake by bacteria in a plug-flow microcosm

Phosphorus (P) is a vital nutrient for sustaining natural water productivity. Both particulate and dissolved forms of organic and inorganic P are potentially important sources of bioavailable P for primary and secondary producers. A microcosm system to imitate the bacterial community in Plym river sediment and pore water is described and bacterial uptake rates for inorganic and organic phosphorus are presented in this paper. The aim of this study was to investigate the uptake of two organic phosphorus compounds (phytic acid and D-glucose-6-phosphate) by freshwater bacteria. The bioreactors comprise glass columns packed with two types of small glass beads on which bacterial biofilm can develop. The glass beads with different porosity were introduced to simulate River SPM. The selected P compounds spiked into the inflow of the microcosm, and measured the step change of P concentration in the outflow to investigate the behavior of bacterial uptake of nutrients. The results showed that organic phosphorus was converted into inorganic phosphorus but the conversion rate depended on the type of phosphorus species. One experiment suggested that phytic acid (refractory) could displace phosphate from the biofilm surface; the other experiment showed that D-glucose-6-phosphate (labile) could be hydrolysed and utilized easily by the bacteria. The results also suggested that bacteria might break down the C-P bonds to utilize the carbon. Further experiments should investigate the effect of varying the C:N:P ratio in the microcosm system to determine which nutrient limits bacteria uptake.     

不同风压下炼钢厂煤气泄漏扩散研究

探索在不同风压下炼钢厂工作车间煤气泄漏的扩散规律。采用大涡模拟模型进行扩散模拟。模拟结果显示,随着通风压力的增加,CO在呼吸带的浓度降低得更快,特别是在泄漏停止后,通风压力的增加,使空气对流加快,新空气的进入使CO得到迅速稀释。     

Response of organic aerosol characteristics to emission reduction in Yangtze River Delta region

● The emission reduction causes significant change in organic aerosol composition. ● The atmospheric oxidizing capacity improved during emission reduction. ● The mixed oxygenated organic aerosol contributed higher during emission reduction. Organic aerosol (OA) is a major component of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) with complex composition and formation processes influenced by various factors. Emission reduction can alter both precursors and oxidants which further affects secondary OA formation. Here we provide an observational analysis of secondary OA (SOA) variation properties in Yangtze River Delta (YRD) of eastern China in response to large scale of emission reduction during Chinese New Year (CNY) holidays from 2015 to 2020, and the COVID-19 pandemic period from January to March, 2020. We found a 17% increase of SOA proportion during the COVID lockdown. The relative enrichment of SOA is also found during multi-year CNY holidays with dramatic reduction of anthropogenic emissions. Two types of oxygenated OA (OOA) influenced by mixed emissions and SOA formation were found to be the dominant components during the lockdown in YRD region. Our results highlight that these emission-reduction-induced changes in organic aerosol need to be considered in the future to optimize air pollution control measures.     

小草浆厂黑液治理工程综合效益的评价方法与应用

建立了评价小草浆厂黑液治理工程综合效益的指标体系,运用层次分析法和效用函数法来量化黑液治理工程的综合效益,并成功地应用于山东省多个小草浆厂的综合评价与排序,从而为筛选出经过实践检验的黑液治理最佳适用技术提供重要的科学依据。      

湖北省化工园区应急能力评估

针对湖北省化工园区特点,综合考虑园区内应急能力的各影响因素,建立了化工园区应急能力评估指标体系。运用多层次模糊综合评价法,构建了化工园区应急能力三级评估指标模型。通过对隶属度的定量化分析,最终得出综合应急能力评价等级,为园区应急能力评估的进一步优化提供参考和指导。     

山东省生态环境承载力评价指标体系探讨

将生态环境承载力划分为资源承载力、环境承载力、循环经济水平和经济社会支持能力四部分,结合山东省生态环境现状,根据指标体系建立的原则,选用了57项评价指标,分层次构建了山东省生态环境承载力评价指标体系.其中,资源承载力选用生物资源、水资源等5大类共10项指标;环境承载力选用地表水、近岸海域等5大类共9项指标;循环经济水平选用资源产出水平、资源消耗水平等4大类共18项指标;经济社会支持能力选用人口数量与素质水平、经济发展水平等7大类共20项指标.     

微波/活性炭/双氧水协同降解甲基红废水的研究

对微波/活性炭/双氧水联合降解甲基红染料废水进行了研究。考察了活性炭量、双氧水量、甲基红初始浓度、微波功率、pH以及处理时间等因素对甲基红降解效果的影响。结果表明,对于100 mL 100 mg/L甲基红溶液,当加入0.5 g活性炭,1 mL 30%H₂O₂,调节微波功率至680 W,反应25 min后,甲基红降解率达到81.87%。通过对比试验,发现微波、活性炭及双氧水对甲基红的降解起协同作用。     

低动力复合净水系统净化生态农庄景观池水质

采用生物填料、阿科蔓生态基和生态浮盆等材料构建低动力复合净水系统(LCWPS)进行生态农庄人工景观池水质净化技术示范研究。系统稳定运行后的周年监测结果表明,整体系统使人工景观池的CODMn、TN、NH4+-N、TP和浊度分别下降61.1%～62.8%、36.0%～39.9%、14.3%～35.7%、66.7%～79.5%和76.8%～79.8%,水质溶解氧浓度(DO)上升72.7%～126.0%,景观池水质达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)中景观水域需要的V类水质标准,并能长期保持稳定。从管理维护成本角度考虑,利用LCWPS净化生态农庄人工景观池水质能达到节能节水的目的。