固定化硫氧化菌对海水养殖生境中硫化物的控制效果研究

海水养殖生境中由于有机质积累以及缺氧条件导致硫化物大量产生,严重危及养殖环境健康。为此,创建海水养殖系统,以沸石为载体吸附固定化硫氧化菌株,通过定位布放固定化硫氧化菌袋,探究其对生境中硫化物控制效果及其影响因素。结果表明,固定化菌剂中活菌含量为1.9×107 CFU/g,对硫化物的控制效果受环境温度、pH、菌剂投加量的影响较大,对温度及pH变化有更好的耐受性;在温度为30℃、pH为7.0、150 r/min的实验条件下,对硫化物的最大去除速率为8.3 mg/（g·h·L）。在海水养殖环境中,将沸石固定化菌剂平铺于土工布袋内,将布袋平铺于养殖系统沉积物-水界面,覆盖率2.5%,固定化布袋菌剂能够显著抑制环境中硫化物的产生,在缺氧条件下7 d内对硫化物的控制率达到99%。本研究表明定点布放硫氧化菌袋能够很好的控制养殖水体中硫化物,为其在海水养殖系统中的应用提供了技术支撑。     

基于在线监测的江河入海径流通量计算方法研究与应用——以辽河口为例

随着入海流量在线监测技术的兴起,本文从流量在线监测技术原理和步骤出发,对入海流量在线监测的主要技术环节进行了梳理,给出了综合、全面的江河入海径流通量流程化计算方案,并将其应用到了辽河入海径流通量计算实例中。本文的研究为江河污染物排海量的准确估算和入海流量在线监测技术的推广提供了支持。     

我国海洋产业用海空间资源使用现状研究

提高海洋空间资源利用经济效率是建设海洋强国的重要举措。文章提出海洋产业用海分类体系,构建产业用海结构多样化指数、经济产值和经济效率数学模型,分析我国海洋产业用海空间资源使用现状,得出以下结论:（1）我国海洋产业以渔业、交通运输业、工程建筑业等传统海洋产业为主,且在空间上呈集中分布;（2）我国海洋产业用海结构多样化指数整体偏低,海洋空间资源使用经济产值省际差异明显;（3）海洋空间资源使用经济效率与多样化指数基本上呈正相关。     

Adjusting sowing date and cultivar shift improve maize adaption to climate change in China

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - This study investigates the impact of climate change on spring and summer maize (Zea mays) yield and evaluates several adaptation measures...     

Optimal range of plug-in electric vehicles in Beijing and Shanghai

Both China’s national subsidy policies for plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) purchasers and passenger cars corporate average fuel consumption and new vehicle credit regulation (dual-credit policy) favor long-range 300+ km battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and 80+ km plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). However, these electric vehicles tend to have lower energy efficiency and higher purchase and operation costs. Vehicle with larger batteries can also be less equitable because the subsidies are often provided to more expensive vehicles and wealthier owners. This study takes advantage of a novel dataset of daily driving data from 39,854 conventional gasoline vehicles in Beijing and 4999 PHEVs in Shanghai to determine the optimal range of BEVs and PHEVs within their respective cities. We simulate a model to explore ranges with which PEVs emit less GHGs than that of a baseline hybrid and conventional gasoline vehicle while ensuring that all daily travel demands are met. Our findings indicate that in both cities, the optimal ranges to balance cost and travel demand for BEVs are 350 km or less and for PHEVs are 60 km or less in Beijing and 80 km or less in Shanghai. We also find that to minimize carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, the ranges are even lower 10 km in Beijing and 30 km in Shanghai. Our study suggests that instead of encouraging long-range PEVs, governments should subsidize PEV models with shorter ranges. Parallel efforts should also be made to both increase renewable energy over fossil fuels and expand charging facilities. Although individual mobility demand varies, the government could reduce occasional long-distance driving by subsidizing alternative transportation choices. Providing week-long driving trials to consumers before their purchases may help decrease the demand of very long range PEVs by alleviating the range anxiety through a learning process.

     

昆明市地下水污染防治现状与对策

文章以昆明市为例,分析了昆明市地下水水质现状及变化趋势,总结了地下水污染防治工作成效和存在问题。分析表明,由于长期未受到充分重视,昆明市地下水已呈现出污染加重的趋势。近年来,昆明市地下水污染防治取得了一定的成绩,但仍然存在监管能力不足、监测网络覆盖不全的问题。在此基础上提出了开展地下水环境状况调查评估、磷石膏堆场地下水污染防控与修复试点和进一步完善地下水环境监测网络的对策建议,为昆明市和其他南方城市做好地下水污染防治工作提供借鉴。     

沈阳市农村生活污水处理设施有机废弃物归趋

采用实地观察法、文献调查法对沈阳市农村生活污水处理设施基本状况进行研究分析。结果显示:沈阳市已建成农村生活污水处理设施297处,有机废弃物产生量(干重)约为:剩余污泥637 t/a、湿地植物废弃物169 t/a。     

城镇污水处理厂提标改造工程设计探讨——以辽宁地区两座污水处理厂为例

在某两座城镇污水处理厂提标改造工程中,将SBR等工艺改变为An/O和MBBR运行模式,强化了二级生物处理效果,使二级出水COD、BOD5、NH3-N和TN稳定达到一级A标准。同时,针对不同水质特点,选择不同的混凝沉淀和过滤形式进行深度处理,保证了SS和TP的稳定达标。