凹凸棒石粘土固定辣根过氧化物酶处理含酚废水

采用凹凸棒石粘土、可溶性淀粉和工业水玻璃作为制备凹凸棒石粘土基颗粒的材料,并将制备的凹凸棒石粘土基颗粒进行改性,得到了改性后的凹凸棒石基多孔材料,并将其作为固定辣根过氧化物酶的载体,再应用于含酚废水的处理研究,取得了良好的效果。实验结果表明,辣根过氧化物酶的最佳固定化条件为:单位酶活载体量1 mg、固定化时间1.5小时、固定pH值5。并且在固定化酶循环使用6次后,苯酚去除率仍能达到62.3%。     

中国城市化与能源强度关系的交互动态响应分析

基于1990-2009年的统计数据,建立城市化率和能源强度间的向量自回归模型,运用协整分析、脉冲响应函数和动态方差分解法,从不同视角对两组变量的交互动态响应关系进行分析和预测,旨在揭示我国城市化水平与能源利用效率的内在联系、互动机制与发展趋势。分析结果表明:尽管在短期内呈现波动态势,我国城市化水平与能源强度之间存在长期均衡关系;两组变量的动态脉冲响应为负,体现出城市化率和能源强度之间的反向变动走势;与城市化相比,能源强度的脉冲曲线波动剧烈,说明单纯依靠能源系统内部来改善能源效率缺乏可持续性;方差分解时序值显示,能源强度对城市化变动因素的累计贡献较低,而城市化水平对能源强度变动的影响显著且增长迅速,说明能源强度的降低并不是城市化率提高的主要动力,反之城市化水平的提高对能源强度的下降具有较强的促进作用。由此可见,通过城市的优化开发与系统建设,能够有效促进能源的可持续利用,实现能源消费与经济增长间的均衡发展。     

大港油田苦咸再生水反渗透工艺自动控制研究

分析了大港油田污水回用深度处理工程苦咸再生水反渗透工艺仪表配置及自动控制方式,介绍了苦咸再生水反渗透系统亟待解决的各类问题。着重论述了仪表设置、余氯控制、结垢污堵控制、微生物污堵控制的实际运行方式,探讨了苦咸再生水反渗透工艺的技术可行性和可靠性。     

MTBF保证试验技术方法分析与探讨

介绍了美军使用的MTBF保证试验法,并对进行MTBF保证试验的机理和经保证试验后使用方的风险进行了分析,认为保证试验在很短时间内验证长时间的MTBF值,却非加速试验。指出MTBF保证试验后,使用方风险比可靠性鉴定试验要小,并用具体试验方案举例说明其有效性,说明了MTBF保证试验可在工程上应用。     

甘肃陇东南贫困地区人力资源开发战略选择

由于人力资源的制约性,甘肃陇东南贫困地区资源优势无法转化为经济优势,人力资源开发与该地区经济发展无法形成良好的互动关系,以控制人口数量、提高人力资源质量为主导的人力资源开发战略成为该地区经济快速发展的战略选择.     

COD自动监测技术及应用

结合COD标准测量方法,着重分析了常见的COD自动监测技术的原理及特点,指出了不同监测技术存在的优缺点及适用范围,为开展废水污染源监控提供借鉴。     

Isotopes as tracers of sources of lead and strontium in aerosols (TSP & PM2.5) in Beijing

Even after its being phased out in gasoline in the late 90s, lead (Pb) is still present at relatively high levels in the atmosphere of Beijing, China (0.10–0.18 μg m^?3). Its origin is subject to debate as several distinct sources may contribute to the observed pollution levels. This study proposes to constrain the origin(s) of Pb and strontium (Sr) in aerosols, by coupling both Pb and Sr isotope systematics. The characterisation of the main pollution sources (road traffic, smelters, metal refining plants, coal combustion, cement factories, and soil erosion) shows that they can unambiguously be discriminated by the multi-isotope approach (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr). The study of total suspended particulates (TSP) and fine particles (PM_2.5) from Beijing and its vicinity indicates that both size fractions are controlled by the same sources. Lead isotopes indicate that metal refining plants are the major source of atmospheric lead, followed by thermal power stations and other coal combustion processes. The role of this latter source is confirmed by the study of strontium isotopes. Occasionally, emissions from cement plants and/or input from soil alteration are isotopically detectable.     

Concentration and characterization of plutonium in soils of Hubei in central China

To study the Pu concentration and isotope ratio distributions present in China, the ^239+240Pu total activities and ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu atom ratios in core soil samples from Hubei Province in central China were investigated using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS). The activities ranged from 0.019 to 0.502 mBq g⁻¹ and the ^239+240Pu inventories of 45 and ∼55 Bq m⁻² agree well with that expected from global fallout. The ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu atom ratios in the soil ranged from 0.172 to 0.220. The ratios are similar to typical global fallout values. Hence, any close-in fallout contribution from the Chinese nuclear weapons tests, mainly conducted in the 1970s, must have either been negligible or had a similar ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu ratio to that of global fallout. The top 10 cm layer of the soil contributes ∼90% of the total inventory and the maximum concentrations appeared in the 2-4 cm or 4-6 cm layers. It is suggested that climatic conditions and organic content are the two main factors that affect the vertical migration of plutonium in soil.     

城市规划区内集体土地房屋拆迁制度研究

由于国家层面统一立法的缺失,我国各地城市规划区内集体土地房屋拆迁制度,如房屋拆迁是否涉及土地征收、房屋拆迁许可的条件及实施、拆迁法律关系的内容及争议的解决等方面存在较大差异,并且在是否适用、如何适用国务院《城市房屋拆迁管理条例》方面也不相同。这种状况一方面体现了各地方不同经济社会发展水平的要求,说明城市规划区内集体土地房屋拆迁与国有土地房屋拆迁存在区别,具有一定的合理性;另一方面对这种差异若不给予必要的规控和调整,也有可能对我国的法制统一造成负面影响。因此,通过对地方立法文本的比较与分析,将有助于各地方在制度完善中相互取长补短,进而为该领域的统一立法奠定坚实基础。依照国务院修改《城市房屋拆迁管理条例》的基本思路,城市规划区内集体土地房屋拆迁立法应当尽可能地全国统一立法,并做到先补偿再征收、先征收再拆迁,并强化拆迁许可证的管理。