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891.
Adsorption of phenol and its derivatives from water using synthetic resins and low-cost natural adsorbents: a review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this article, the technical feasibility of the use of activated carbon, synthetic resins, and various low-cost natural adsorbents for the removal of phenol and its derivatives from contaminated water has been reviewed. Instead of using commercial activated carbon and synthetic resins, researchers have worked on inexpensive materials such as coal fly ash, sludge, biomass, zeolites, and other adsorbents, which have high adsorption capacity and are locally available. The comparison of their removal performance with that of activated carbon and synthetic resins is presented in this study. From our survey of about 100 papers, low-cost adsorbents have demonstrated outstanding removal capabilities for phenol and its derivatives compared to activated carbons. Adsorbents that stand out for high adsorption capacities are coal-reject, residual coal treated with H3PO4, dried activated sludge, red mud, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-modified montmorillonite. Of these synthetic resins, HiSiv 1000 and IRA-420 display high adsorption capacity of phenol and XAD-4 has good adsorption capability for 2-nitrophenol. These polymeric adsorbents are suitable for industrial effluents containing phenol and its derivatives as mentioned previously. It should be noted that the adsorption capacities of the adsorbents presented here vary significantly depending on the characteristics of the individual adsorbent, the extent of chemical modifications, and the concentrations of solutes. 相似文献
892.
Chromium(VI)-containing sorbents in the form of sludge or solid residue from treatment processes are often landfilled or used as fill materials, therefore the long-term stability of metal binding is important. The reduction of Cr(VI)–Cr(III) through heat treatment may be a useful detoxification method. After heating at 500, 900, 1000, and 1100 °C for 4 h, the transformation of chemical states of chromium on 105 °C-dried, 7.9% Cr(VI)-doped TiO2 powders was studied on the basis of surface area measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra. It was shown that Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III) in the Cr(VI)-doped samples after heating within 500–900 °C. The present results also suggested that the chromium octahedral was bridged to the titanium tetrahedral and was incorporated in TiO2 minerals formed after 1000 °C treatment. 相似文献
893.
纳米级聚合氯化铝处理石化废水絮凝效果研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用自制的纳米级聚合氯化铝絮凝荆处理石大科技股份公司胜华炼油厂隔油池出水,以处理后水样的透光率作为混凝沉降效果的评价指标,并对絮凝剂投加量、搅拌速度、搅拌时间等影响混凝效果的因素进行了研究。试验表明,聚合氯化铝对石化废水的处理达到较为理想的效果,聚合氯化铝混凝处理石化废水的最佳条件为:纳米级聚合氯化铝投加量为15mg/L左右,慢速搅拌的搅拌速度为50~60rpm,快速搅拌的搅拌速度为190—225rpm,快速搅拌时间90s。慢速搅时间10min时效果最佳。使用Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法及XRD对絮凝荆进行了表征,结果证实样品中Alb含量可达到85%左右。 相似文献
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898.
在Biot饱和多孔介质动力学理论的基础上,利用Fourier-Bessel级数展开法,通过对含有衬砌洞室的局部场地进行波场分析,得到饱和土半空间中圆柱形衬砌洞室对平面SV波的散射问题的解析解。经验证,本文得到的解可以退化为半空间单相介质的情况。通过与已有的单相弹性介质半空间中圆柱形衬砌洞室对平面SV波散射问题的解析解的对比,验证了此解的正确性。在解析解的基础上,数值计算给出洞口动应力集中放大系数,分析了入射频率和孔洞埋深对柱面上的应力集中因子的影响。 相似文献
899.
Phthalates are developmental and reproductive toxicants for the fetus in pregnant rodents, and the ability of phthalates to penetrate the placenta have been reported. The aims of this study were to evaluate the association between maternal urine excretion, the exposure of fetus to phthalates in amniotic fluid, and the health of newborns. Amniotic fluid and urine samples from pregnant women were collected to measure five phthalate monoesters using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) and the newborns' birth weight, gestational age, and anogenital distance (AGD) were collected. The median levels of three phthalate monoesters in urine and amniotic fluid were 78.4 and 85.2 ng/mL monobutyl phthalate (MBP); 24.9 and 22.8 ng/mL mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP); 19.8 and Not Detected monoethyl phthalate (MEP). We found a significant positive correlation only between creatinine adjusted urinary MBP and amniotic fluid MBP (R(2)=0.156, p<0.05) in all infants and, only in female infants, a significantly negative correlation between amniotic fluid MBP, AGD (R=-0.31, p<0.06), and the anogenital index adjusted by birth weight (AGI-W) (R=-0.32, p<0.05). Although the influence of prenatal di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) exposure on the endocrinology and physiology of the fetus is still a puzzle, our data clearly show that in utero exposure to phthalates in general has anti-androgenic effects on the fetus. 相似文献
900.
施肥与秸秆还田对太湖稻-油复种系统春季杂草群落特征的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
掌握不同管理模式下稻田杂草群落特征,可以为杂草综合防治及农田生物多样性的保持提供理论依据和技术途径。借助稻-油复种系统长期定位施肥试验(江苏吴江,始于1987年),于2007年春季监测长期不同施肥和秸秆还田对农田杂草群落的影响。施肥与秸秆还田对春季稻田杂草群落结构特征存在显著作用。长期有机无机肥配合施用下(化肥+猪粪+秸秆)杂草生物多样性和生物量均下降;长期不施氮肥下杂草总密度显著增高,达1 810 ind./m2;长期不施肥时,田间野老鹳草成为优势种群,其相对密度达879%;全年秸秆还田(化肥+油菜秸秆+水稻秸秆)下,田间优势杂草种群为禾本科的看麦娘,其相对密度达697%;秋熟水稻秸秆还田下杂草生物量下降,而生物多样性显著提高。上述结果表明,通过合理施肥和秸秆还田措施,可以对稻油复种模式中春季杂草群落进行有效调控。 相似文献