云南水电开发与生态环境保护

云南要把握好我国“西部大开发战略”的极好机遇 ,应发挥云南的水电优势 ,才能保护好生态环境 ,达到和满足云南“可持续发展战略”要求     

石油污染对真鲷幼体谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶影响的研究

选择厦门港石油烃污染物０＾＃柴油和养殖鱼类赵鲷（Ｐａｇｒｏｓｏｍｕｓ ｍａｊｏｒ）幼体为材料，研究了石油污染对真鲷幼体内脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性变化的影响。结果表明：在本实验剂量范围内，油污对真鲷幼体内脏Ｓｅ－ＧＰｘ总的表现为显著的诱导作用；油污对Ｓｅ－ＧＰｘ活性变化的剂量－效应作用形式表现为抛物线型，即低浓度对酶活性起诱导作用，高浓度则起抑制作用；     

Environmental input-output model and its analysis with a focus on the solid waste management sectors

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＳｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｉｎｐｕｔｏｕｔｐｕｔｍｏｄｅｌ(ＥＩＯＭ)(Ｃｕｍｂｅｒｌａｎｄ,1966)ｗａｓｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｂｙｉｎｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｉｎｇｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｆａｃｔｏｒｓｉｎｔ?..     

影响微生物絮凝剂产生的因素研究

本文通过改变培养基的种类、培养基的碳源、氮源、无机盐离子来选择絮凝剂产生菌“Dfjm-1”高效低廉的培养基 ;通过改变培养基初始 p H值、培养温度、培养过程中的通气量等因素 ,得出“Dfjm-1”菌株产生絮凝剂的最佳条件。Dfjm-1产生絮凝剂的最佳因素为 :培养基初始 p H值为 6.5～ 7.0 ,培养温度为 3 0℃ ,培养时间为 60小时左右 ,通气量为 :早期 :2 50 r/ min;中期 1 50 r/ min;后期 1 0 0～ 1 50 r/ min     

煤中易挥发有毒痕量元素及其在燃烧过程中的行为

本文综述了煤中易挥发有毒痕量元素汞、砷、硒在煤中的赋存形式 ,在燃烧过程中的蒸发和化学反应等行为 ,指出了在目前研究燃煤过程中有毒痕量元素所存在的问题和需要努力加强的研究方向     

呼和浩特市发电厂污染物综合治理与资源化利用技术研究

本文以呼市发电厂废水、粉尘和灰场污染治理为例，研究制定发电厂粉煤灰综合治理与回收利用技术方案、旧灰场的生态工程建设和冲灰水的回收利用方案，通过污染物治理，废水的利用率达到85％，粉煤灰处理后的产草量和年利用率为98％，灰场的植被覆盖度达到97％，通过治理使发电厂的污染物排放量减少，废弃物资源得以利用，灰场变成环境优美的生态旅游区，为我国电厂的治理工作提供一个切实可行的科学依据。     

不同无机氮对锥状斯氏藻生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响

本文研究了不同浓度的无机氮对锥状斯氏藻（Scrippsiella trochoidea）生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果显示,NO₃-N更适于锥状斯氏藻的生长,而NH₄-N更容易被藻细胞吸收。两种不同氮源对于锥状斯氏藻单位细胞内抗氧化酶活性的影响都表现为随着氮浓度升高而降低。但不同种氮源的影响在不同氮浓度、不同生长期时有差异,如90 μM的NH₄-N在藻类的指数生长期能促进抗氧化酶活性,10 μM的NH₄-N在藻类生长的平台期期能促进抗氧化酶活性,而相同浓度的NO₃-N没有这种作用,其他生长期时两种氮源对抗氧化酶活性的影响差别不大。这可能和锥状斯氏藻对NH₄-N的优先利用有关。     

广东红海湾海域表层水环境中重金属含量特征及污染评价

为了研究红海湾海域水体中重金属的污染水平,2015年5月和11月在研究海域设48个采样站位进行了表层水样分析,分析了Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg和As共7种重金属的含量及污染特征,采用单因子污染指数评价法和综合污染评价法对研究海域的水质污染情况进行评价分析,利用变异系数法来分析了各调查站位之间污染物在空间尺度上离散程度,使用相关性分析和PCA方法分析重金属污染物的主要来源。结果表明,该海域表层海水中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg和As含量的平均值均满足《海水水质标准》二类水质要求,单因子污染指数法评价结果显示7种重金属平均含量的污染程度大体排序为:Zn＞Pb＞Cu＞As＞Cd＞Cr＞Hg。综合污染评价法显示评价海域表层海水中7种重金属综合污染指数的平均值均小于1,且综合污染指数整体相差不大,研究海域属于清洁海域。变异系数结果表明各站位间水体中重金属含量在调查海域空间离散度较大,研究海域的重金属污染物来自不同的污染源。相关性分析和PCA方法分析表明,重金属元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg和As之间的相关系数较小,且前三个主分中的研究重金属元素正载荷较低,因此重金属元素相互之间都不具有相似的污染水平或共同的污染来源,元素之间具有共同来源的概率较低。     

Regionalization based on spatial and seasonal variation in ground-level ozone concentrations across China

Owing to the vast territory of China and strong regional characteristic of ozone pollution,it's desirable for policy makers to have a targeted and prioritized regulation and ozone pollution control strategy in China based on scientific evidences. It's important to assess its current pollution status as well as spatial and temporal variation patterns across China.Recent advances of national monitoring networks provide an opportunity to insight the actions of ozone pollution. Here, we present rotated empirical orthogonal function(REOF)analysis that was used on studying the spatiotemporal characteristics of daily ozone concentrations. Based on results of REOF analysis in pollution seasons for 3 years' observations, twelve regions with clear patterns were identified in China. The patterns of temporal variation of ozone in each region were separated well and different from each other, reflecting local meteorological, photochemical or pollution features. A rising trend in annual averaged Eight-hour Average Ozone Concentrations(O_3-8 hr) from 2014 to 2016 was observed for all regions, except for the Tibetan Plateau. The mean values of annual and 90 percentile concentrations for all 338 cities were 82.6 ± 14.6 and 133.9 ± 25.8 μg/m~3,respectively, in 2015. The regionalization results of ozone were found to be influenced greatly by terrain features, indicating significant terrain and landform effects on ozone spatial correlations. Among 12 regions, North China Plain, Huanghuai Plain, Central Yangtze River Plain, Pearl River Delta and Sichuan Basin were realized as priority regions for mitigation strategies, due to their higher ozone concentrations and dense population.     

Mercury flows in large-scale gold production and implications for Hg pollution control

Large-scale gold production(LSGP) is one of the five convention-related atmospheric mercury(Hg) emission sources in the Minamata Convention on Mercury. However, field experiments on Hg flows of the whole process of LSGP are limited. To identify the atmospheric Hg emission points and understand Hg emission characteristics of LSGP, Hg flows in two gold smelters were studied. Overall atmospheric Hg emissions accounted for 10%–17% of total Hg outputs and the Hg emission factors for all processes were 7.6–9.6 kg/ton. There were three dominant atmospheric Hg emission points in the studied gold smelters, including the exhaust gas of the roasting process, exhaust gas from the environmental fog collection stack and exhaust gas from the converter of the refining process. Atmospheric Hg emissions from the roasting process only accounted for 16%–29% of total emissions and the rest were emitted from the refining process. The overall Hg speciation profile(gaseous elemental Hg/gaseous oxidized Hg/particulate-bound Hg) for LSGP was 34.1/57.1/8.8. The dominant Hg output byproducts included waste acid, sulfuric acid and cyanide leaching residue. Total Hg outputs from these three byproducts were 80% in smelter A and 84% in smelter B. Our study indicated that previous atmospheric Hg emissions from large-scale gold production might have been overestimated.Hg emission control in LSGP is not especially urgent in China compared to other significant emission sources(e.g., cement plants). Instead, LSGP is a potential Hg release source due to the high Hg output proportions to acid and sludge.