太湖聚藻区水华易发季节沉积物磷的分布特征

为了探讨太湖聚藻区月亮湾在水华易发季节及前后沉积物磷的赋存及迁移特征,采用欧洲标准测试委员会框架下发展的SMT磷形态分级方法对月亮湾由冬季至夏季（1～7月）表层沉积物（5 cm）分层的磷形态分析发现,总磷和无机磷呈现逐渐下降的趋势,平均含量分别为53553和42590 mg/kg。但有机磷则在冬季至夏初降低,随后从夏初开始上升并于7月达最大值,平均含量为8772 mg/kg,是冬季的14～18倍,表明藻类聚集和沉降对表层沉积物有机磷含量产生显著影响。在监测的这几个月中,无机形态磷均于春季4月达到最大值,而且与1、6和7月表现出显著的差异性（P <005）。铁磷为无机磷主要形态,平均含量达到18686 mg/kg,占无机形态磷质量分数的4443%,且4月、5月和6月沉积物铁磷含量表现出显著的差异性（P <005）。其次是铝磷和钙磷,平均含量分别达到12949和9748 mg/kg,为无机形态磷质量分数的3118%和2318%,各月份沉积物铝磷含量表现出显著的差异性（P<005）,而钙磷却无显著性差异。沉积物中可交换态磷的含量虽然较少（平均444 mg/kg）,但其冬季至春季逐渐升高、春季至夏季逐渐降低的现象,表明在生长季节可交换态磷从沉积物向上覆水柱释放,为藻类复苏和生长提供物资基础。分析还发现,铁磷、铝磷和有机磷均与可交换态磷存在较好相关性,无机磷与总磷的相关性最为显著,表明研究区沉积物中总磷的含量与分布主要受控于无机磷     

人工湿地处理稀土低水平放射性废水的可行性研究

本文针对稀土低水平放射性废水的特点,分析了稀土低水平放射性废水的人工湿地处理技术的可行性和技术经济优势,并对其需解决的关键问题和技术难点进行了分析和展望。     

Effects of multigenerational exposures of D. magna to environmentally relevant concentrations of pentachlorophenol

The re-emergence of schistosomiasis has given rise to ubiquitous concentrations of the primary control agent pentachlorophenol (PCP) in the environment, especially in the surface waters of China. In this study, the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of PCP, namely, 0.0002, 0.002, 0.02, 0.2, and 2 μmol/L on survival, age at first reproduction, fecundity, length of mothers, and number of molts of Daphnia magna were studied over three generations. The survival of D. magna exposed to 2 μmol/L was significantly affected in the three generations. Toxic effects were enhanced in later generations. Age at first reproduction of F ₁ and F ₂ D. magna was significantly slower than that of the controls. The total number of offspring per female exposed to concentrations of 0.002 μmol/L or greater was less (23.5 to 67.6, 9.4 to 73.7, and 3.6 to 83.7 %) than that of the controls in the F ₀, F ₁, and F ₂ generations, respectively. The body length of mothers significantly decreased (4.7 to 6.8, 9.6 to 15.1, and 13.3 to 23.2 %) after exposure to 0.002 μmol/L or greater than those of unexposed individuals in the F ₀, F ₁, and F ₂ generations, respectively. Dose–response relationships between concentrations of PCP and length and number of molts of D. magna were observed in the F ₀ to F ₂ generations. PCP concentrations on the surface waters of China caused adverse effects to D. magna, which increased over successive generations. Significant effects were observed in the third generation. The multigenerational studies were more sensitive than the single-generation experiments. Thus, multigenerational exposure may be more predictive of chronic exposure under field conditions.     

双转盘反应器光催化处理罗丹明B

采用溶胶—凝胶法制备的TiO2/Ti电极为光阳极,Cu、Fe、Zn或C为阴极,组成双转盘反应器,以罗丹明B(RhB)为目标污染物,考察了反应条件对光催化效率的影响.结果表明,最佳反应条件:阴极材料为Cu;转盘转速为70 r/min;初始pH为2.5;Na2SO4质量浓度为1.0 g/L; RhB初始质量浓度为20 mg/L.在最佳反应条件下,处理RhB模拟废水30 min的脱色率可达到99.9％.双转盘反应器处理不同浓度的RhB时,其脱色率是单转盘的1.12～2.33倍,且倍数随着RhB浓度增大而增加,表明双转盘反应器可高效地光催化处理高浓度染料废水.     

工业园区固体废物资源化技术研究

工业园区固体废物资源化是实施循环经济、建设生态文明的关键一环,但在实施过程中遇到诸多问题.以工业园区固体废物外延的重新界定为起点,从3个方面分析了工业园区固体废物资源化技术:固体废物生态产业链构建与运行维护、回收与分类技术、再利用与循环技术,并就固体废物资源化方面存在的问题提出了相应的解决建议.     

浅谈我国餐厨垃圾的回收与利用

随着我国经济发展及城镇化进程的加速,餐厨垃圾产生量近些年迅猛增长,餐厨垃圾的回收与资源化利用已成为解决城市环境问题的重要环节.对我国餐厨垃圾的回收与利用现状进行综述性分析,在此基础上提出了相应的对策和建议.     

Toxicity of HC Orange No. 1 to Daphnia magna, zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) embryos, and goldfish (Carassius auratus)

HC Orange No. 1 (HCO1; 2-nitro-4′-hydroxydiphenylamine) (CAS No. 54381-08-7) is used as a color additive in hair dyes and can be released into aquatic environments in wastewater. In this paper, the effects of HCO1 on aquatic organisms were studied using a battery of toxicological tests. These included measuring immobilization of Daphnia magna, inhibition of zebrafish embryo development, and acute lethality in zebrafish and goldfish, which are different species belonging to different trophic levels. HCO1 was toxic to all of the organisms studied. In our experiments, HCO1 remarkably restrained the mobility of D. magna, which may cause subsequent death. The EC₅₀ value for restrained the mobility of D. magna at 48 h was 1.54 mg HCO1 l⁻¹. In addition, HCO1 showed toxicity in zebrafish and goldfish, where LC₅₀values at 96 h were 4.04 and 5.37 mg l⁻¹, respectively. The results also indicated that HCO1 remarkably retarded the development of zebrafish embryos, which may cause embryo abnormality and even lethality. The most sensitive toxicological endpoint in the development of the embryos was failure to hatch, which had an EC₅₀ of 0.19 mg HCO1 l⁻¹. These results indicated that HCO1 is a potential teratogen to zebrafish embryos. In addition, as HCO1 concentrations increased, the outcomes of each of these toxicity tests changed in a concentration-dependent manner. Together, the results revealed that HCO1 appears to be toxic to multiple different species of aquatic organisms. The EC₅₀ (LC₅₀) values contain sufficient discriminatory power for risk assessment of HCO1 in aquatic environments. Based on the present results, more efficient risk assessment procedures for HCO1 will be designed in the future, integrating more flexible testing methods into the testing schemes that employ only the necessary tools for each case.     

大气污染物总量控制方法研究

介绍了我国大气污染物总量控制研究进展情况。对A—P值法、多源模式法作了详细阐述,并对总量控制近期的研究热点及发展趋势作了评述。     

山区的一种特殊灾害生态现象研究

山区泥石流发生后的泥石流滩地呈现复杂多样的生态过程,是山区所特有的一种灾害生态现象,在人烟稀少的较高海拔,泥石流滩地植物生长表现为一种自然恢复过程。通过贡嘎山东坡高海拔黄崩溜沟泥石流滩地上发生的灾害生态现象和过程的实地研究、发现泥石流滩地植物的生态过程和群落特征,可以揭示近代泥石流的形成时间和自然植被生态系统的演替规律。研究表明,加强泥石灾害生态现象的研究,可以促进灾害学与生态学科的渗透,具有重要     

鄱阳湖生态经济区区域经济差异研究

利用传统统计分析方法和探索性空间数据分析（ESDA）方法相结合,在ArcGIS和GeoDA等软件的支持下,以人均GDP为测度指标,从时间、空间、关联性3个侧面对1990~2008年鄱阳湖生态经济区区域经济差异的空间格局及演化进行了分析。结果表明：鄱阳湖生态经济区区域相对差异呈持续扩大趋势,绝对差异有保持稳定的趋势,滨湖区域内部差异是区域差异的主要贡献者;区域经济在空间上表现出两极分化,东西分化和滨湖区域发展水平低的特点;根据经济空间关联性,鄱阳湖生态经济区可分为扩散型、极化型、低谷型和落后型4种不同类型的经济发展区域。在综合研究结果的基础上,提出了强化中心、轴线发展、圈层优化的发展策略。