Land use as a mitigation strategy for the water-quality impacts of global warming: a scenario analysis on two watersheds in the Ohio River Basin

This study uses an integrative approach to study the water-quality impacts of future global climate and land-use changes. In this study, changing land-use types was used as a mitigation strategy to reduce the adverse impacts of global climate change on water resources. The climate scenarios were based on projections made by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the United Kingdom Hadley Centre's climate model (HadCM2). The Thornthwaite water-balance model was coupled with a land-use model (L-THIA) to investigate the hydrologic effects of future climate and land-use changes in the Ohio River Basin. The land-use model is based on the Soil Conservation Service's curve-number method. It uses the curve number, an index of land use and soil type, to calculate runoff volume and depth. The ArcView programming language, Avenue, was used to integrate the two models into a geographic information system (GIS). An output of the water-balance model, daily precipitation values adjusted for potential evapotranspiration, served as one of the inputs into the land-use model. Two watersheds were used in the present study: one containing the city of Cincinnati on the main stem of the Ohio River, and one containing the city of Columbus on a tributary of the Ohio River. These cities represent two major metropolitan areas in the Ohio River Basin with different land uses experiencing different rates of population growth. The projected hypothetical land-use changes were based on linear extrapolations of current population data. Results of the analyses indicate that conversion from agricultural land use to low-density residential land use may decrease the amount of surface runoff. The land-use practices which generate the least amount of runoff are forest, low-density residential, and agriculture; whereas high-density residential and commercial land-use types produce the highest runoff. The hydrologic soil type present was also an important factor in determining the amount of runoff and non-point-source pollution. A runoff-depth matrix and total nitrogen matrix were created for Cincinnati and Columbus to describe possible land-use mitigation measures in response to global climate change. The differences in Cincinnati and Columbus were due to differences in geographic location, air temperature, and total runoff. The results of this study may be useful to planners and policy makers for defining the possible impacts of future global climate and land-use changes on water resources.     

A/O和A2/O法除磷脱氮工艺影响因素及除磷动力学的研究

重点介绍A/O除磷工艺和A~2/O除磷脱氮工艺,以及影响除磷脱氮工艺因素和除磷动力学的研究。工艺研究采用了动态与静态实验方法,采用色质联机研究了有毒有机物的降解情况。试验结果表明,A/O、A~2/O工艺的BOD_5去除率近于二级污水处理厂,A~2/O法TP去除率近于三级污水处理厂,且去除难降解有毒有机物的效率高于传统的活性污泥法。动力学公式的修正使之更适于低碳源的情况。八种影响因素的研究为工艺的设计与运行提供了依据。     

低剂量~（147）Pm对免疫细胞的刺激增殖效应

探讨了低剂量~（１４７）Ｐｍ内照射时，引起中枢和外周免疫细胞的刺激增殖效应。（１４７）~Ｐｍ的体内滞留过程，用最小二乘法拟合滞留方程为：Ｒ（ｔ）＝０．１９９ｅ０（－０．１４５２ｔ）＋０．８１２ｅ（－０．０００８ｔ）。可见包括快、慢两个不同半滞留期，快组分Ｔ１＝４．７７天，慢组分Ｔ２＝８６６．３天。当机体摄人（１４７）~ｐｍ０．１８５～０．７４ｋＢｑ／ｇ，即吸收剂量为０．２２３－０．８８２ｃＧｙ时，可使中枢免疫器官骨髓和胸腺细胞的３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入率显著增升；而摄入（１４７）~ｐｍ０．１８５ｋＢｑ／ｇ，即吸收剂量为０．２２３ｃＧｙ时，可刺激外周免疫器官脾Ｔ、Ｂ淋巴细胞转化过程，增强增殖。     

A regional environmental management information system for Chinese EPA—the system analysis and design

REMIS is one of key research projects sponsored by the central government. It is recommended to regional EPAs as a main tool of the environmental management. REMIS simulates the functions of the regional EPAs and aimed to improve their management level. The national environmental management information system will base on REMIS.Functional analysis is the kernel of the REMIS system analysis. Data and data flow analysis are used to support the functional analysis.Investigations on the functions of the local EPAs of eight provinces and 12 cities have been taken. The functions were carefully sorted. Modular design method was used in system analysis and system design.The system analysis included functional analysis, data analysis and data flow analysis. The system design is based on the system analysis. HIPO diagram of each modular, data base structure, menu design, selection of hardware and software environment were the main items of the system design.     

ASM1中废水和污泥组分浓度的测定方法研究

对呼吸计量法应用于校准ASM1作了简明的阐述。在呼吸速率与模型组分关系的基础上,介绍了ASM1中废水与污泥各组分浓度的测定方法,并指出模型组分细化的意义。     

温差拉深法在制造大型杯形件中的应用

用温差拉深法制造大型杯形件毛坯,可避免毛坯拉断和起皱,最大限度地降低拉深系数、减少拉深次数、降低加工成本。     

不同气氛下燃煤SO2的排放规律研究

在立式管状电加热炉上对合山高硫煤在不同的气氛、温度以及Ca／S比的条件下进行了动态燃烧实验，对收集的气体产物进行了红外光谱分析，并讨论了CO2浓度以及温度等因素对SO2释放的影响。结果表明：不同浓度的CO2气氛对煤燃烧过程中硫的释放以及石灰石的固硫效率有着不同的影响，在高于900℃以后，较之空气气氛下，无论是否存在钙基固硫剂，其它三种02／C02气氛下S02的排放量都比较低，且在不同C02浓度下，温度对S02的排放影响不一致。     

基团贡献法对取代苯类化合物生物降解性的预测

测定了 47种取代苯类化合物在松花江水中的 5日生化需氧量 (BOD5) .分别采用线性基团贡献法和非线性基团贡献法(人工神经网络法 )对化合物的生物降解性BOD5 ThOD(ThOD :理论需氧量 )进行QSBR研究 .得到不同基团对生物降解性的贡献为 :C6H5>COOH >OH >CH3 O CH3 >NH2 >Cl >NO2 .线性基团贡献法对于训练组和测试组的定性预测正确率分别为72 %和 86 % ;而人工神经网络法的预测正确率分别为 92 %和 86 % .预测结果表明线性和非线性基团贡献法的预测效果都很好 ,相比而言 ,非线性方法对生物降解性的预测更准确     

烃类化合物气相色谱保留指数与其分配系数关系研究

报道了从烃类化合物气相色谱保留指数预测其正辛醇水分配系数的公式，研究了以不同极性相上测得的烃类化合物保留指数预测其分配系数的准确性，得出弱极性柱上测得的化合物保留指数能更准确的预测其分配系数，从而为烃类化合物分配系数的测定和预测提供了一种简便易行的新方法。     

郯庐断裂系统与中国东部幔源岩浆成因CO_2关系的初探

中国已发现的幔源岩浆成因CO2气藏主要分布在与郯庐断裂发育密切相关的东部伸展盆地，两者关系具体表现如下：1．中国东部幔源岩浆成因CO2气藏的空间展布与郯庐断裂保持一致；2．郯庐断裂切割深度达到上地幔；3．沿郯庐断裂岩浆活动强烈，且具幔源特点；4．中国东部伸展盆地自中、新生代以来的演化受郯庐断裂带活动影响。本文主要以郯庐断裂带为主线，结合幔源岩浆成因CO2气藏典型实例，从郯庐断裂构造环境、空间格局和演化过程对幔源岩浆成因CO2的控制作用进行初步归纳和分析。