Anthropogenic Calcium Particles Observed in Beijing and Qingdao, China

Analysis of individual particles collected at Beijing in northern China revealed that particles abundant in calcium (Ca) always constituted a large fraction of mineral particles in the urban atmosphere. The particles were characterized by cubic morphologies. The major mineral element in the particles was Ca and few or no other mineral elements were detected. A large number of the particles were in the range of diameter <1 μm, where common natural mineral particles were rarely detected. The contribution of the Ca particles to the volume of total mineral particles greatly exceeded that of other mineral particles during non-dust-storm periods and was comparable to that during dust-storm periods. Reagent film tests showed that particulate sulfate and nitrate formation on the Ca particles was similar to that on common mineral particles. These results indicate that a large portion of Ca in the atmospheric particulate matter in Beijing was from anthropogenic sources rather than from natural sources, and the anthropogenic Ca particles acted as a significant medium for the formation of sulfate and nitrate. Similar particles were also detected at Qingdao, a coastal city in northern China. Data of a dust storm event showed that Ca-abundant particles from East China arrived there and moved out of the continent, similarly to Asian dust storm particles, suggesting possible contributions of anthropogenic Ca even in Asian dust storm samples in the downstream areas. Therefore, Ca may not be a good indicator of Asian dust from natural sources. However, the Ca particles, due to their unique shapes and elemental compositions, may provide an indicator for the atmospheric dispersion of anthropogenic particulate matters in East Asia.     

铁路旅客列车垃圾中重金属元素调查及防治对策的研究

采用现场调研、取样、理化检测和分析的方法 ,以掌握铁路旅客列车垃圾中重金属含量水平 ,垃圾中主要污染元素和主要污染物有关的数据和信息 ;在调查和综合分析的基础上 ,提出铁路旅客列车垃圾重金属污染的防治对策 ,为有效地处理铁路旅客列车垃圾提供了科学依据     

苯并(a)芘及其代谢产物的连续降解研究

在以驯化过的芽孢杆菌(BA-07)降解BaP的过程中,鉴定出2个BaP的未开环代谢产物顺式-4,5-二氢-4,5-二醇-BaP(cis-BP4,5-dihydrodiol)和顺式-7,8-二氢-7,8-二醇-BaP(cis-BP7,8-dihydrodiol).由于该产物对微生物有一定毒性,所以难于进一步降解.为提高BaP降解的同时,降低cis-BP4,5-dihydrodiol和cis-BP7,8-dihydrodiol的累积,对2种降解方法(即单纯用BA07降解和运用高锰酸钾与BA-07耦合的方法降解)进行了比较,并且优化了连续降解的参数.结果表明,①对BaP及其代谢产物的连续降解,化学氧化与微生物耦合(高锰酸钾与BA-07)的降解效果明显好于单纯利用微生物(细菌BA-07)的降解;②在同一时间取样,cis-BP4,5-dihydrodiol的残留率均高于cis-BP7,8-dihydrodiol;③当BaP的浓度为40μg/mL,培养基的最佳pH为7.0,以琥珀酸钠为共代谢底物,可以显著提高BaP降解率,降低cis-BP 4,5-dihydrodiol和cis-BP7,8-dihydrodiol的累积.同时提出了化学氧化与微生物协同的方法可以有效促进环境中持久有机污染物的连续降解.     

应用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术监测太湖水质的研究

应用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术对太湖水质进行监测,测定太湖各样点水样的蚕豆根尖细胞微核千分率（MCN‰）及污染指数（PI）,并进行F检验。结果表明,各样点MCN‰有显著性差异,39个样点中有6个采样点的PI在2以上,和对照组相比有显著差异（p＜0.05）,表明太湖部分区域水质受到不同程度的污染。     

餐饮业油烟气中醛类化合物的荧光法测定

提出了餐饮业油烟气中醛类化合物的荧光测定方法。通过试验选择丙醇作为油烟气中醛类化合物的吸收剂。研究了Ｈａｎｔｚｓｃｈ反应在测定油烟气中醛类化合物时的反应条件。样品与荧光试剂等体积混合,在ｐＨ６．０的体系中,５７℃下反应１５ｍｉｎ。     

乐清湾海域生物体内多氯联苯的分布特征

以台州(乐清湾)为例,研究了乐清湾海域生物体内多氯联苯(PCBs)的分布,其中以鱼、贝类和虾为主要实验对象,分析了多氯联苯的来源、浓度及各种影响因素。结果表明,鱼肉中∑PCBs 的残留含量为8.61~23.06ng/g,贝类中∑PCBs 的残留含量为11.77~38.04ng/g,对虾中∑PCBs的残留含量为0.38~11.19ng/g。近海生物体内多氯联苯的来源与当地工业排污、航运、PCBs废旧设施非法处置或封存不当等一系列因素有关。     

A2O氧化沟缺氧区三维流场模拟及结构形式优化

以FLUENT软件为工具,选用三维RNG k-ε紊流数学模型对重庆井口污水厂A²O氧化沟缺氧区内的流场进行模拟,分析了缺氧区内流场分布不均匀及沉泥的原因,提出了水下推进器的合理设置位置与导流墙的合理设置方式,并对优化后的缺氧区进行了模拟计算。通过优化后模拟的结果可见,在相同的功率密度下,缺氧区内的流场得到了较均匀的分布,流速从原来的0.131 m/s提升到0.204 m/s,减少了能量的损失。底部的流速也从原来的0.140 m/s提升到0.226 m/s,有效的防止或减少了沟中的污泥沉积。优化的结果对实际工程的设计也有一定的指导意义。     

A2O氧化沟缺氧区三维流场模拟及结构形式优化

以FLUENT软件为工具,选用三维RNG k-ε紊流数学模型对重庆井口污水厂A2O氧化沟缺氧区内的流场进行模拟,分析了缺氧区内流场分布不均匀及沉泥的原因,提出了水下推进器的合理设置位置与导流墙的合理设置方式,并对优化后的缺氧区进行了模拟计算。通过优化后模拟的结果可见,在相同的功率密度下,缺氧区内的流场得到了较均匀的分布,流速从原来的0.131 m/s提升到0.204 m/s,减少了能量的损失。底部的流速也从原来的0.140 m/s提升到0.226 m/s,有效的防止或减少了沟中的污泥沉积。优化的结果对实际工程的设计也有一定的指导意义。     

Analysis of the toxicogenomic effects of exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Slovakian girls: correlations between gene expression and disease risk

The chemical composition of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environment is not uniform throughout the world, and these contaminants contain many structurally different lipophilic compounds. In a well-defined study cohort in the Slovak Republic, the POP chemicals present in the peripheral blood of exposed children were chemically analyzed. The chemical analysis data revealed that the relative concentration and profile of structurally different organic pollutants, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 2,2′-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (p,p′-DDE), 2,2′-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloro-ethane (p,p′-DDT), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), may vary from individual to individual, even within the same exposure area. These chemicals can be broadly classified into two groups. The first group, the PCB congeners, primarily originated from industrial compounds and their byproducts. The second group of compounds originated from or was commonly used in the agricultural sector (e.g., DDT, HCB). The objective of this study was to examine the effects of the two POP exposure profiles on gene expression. For the study population, we selected pre-pubertal girls (mean age of 46.2 ± 1.4 months) with high POP concentrations in their blood (> 75% tile of total POP) and classified them in the high ‘PCB’ group when the total PCB concentration was significantly higher than the total concentration of other POP components and in the ‘Other Than PCB’ (OTP) group, when the total PCB concentration was significantly lower than the concentration of the other major POP constituents. A matched control group of girls (< 25% tile of total POP) was selected for comparison purpose (n = 5 per group). Our aims were to determine whether there were any common effects of high POP exposure at a toxicogenomic level and to investigate how exposure may affect physiological functions of the children in two different exposure scenarios. Global gene expression analysis using a microarray (Affymetrix Gene Chip Human genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array) platform was conducted on the total RNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the girls. The results were analyzed by Partek GS, Louis, MI, which identified twelve genes (ATAD2B, BIVM, CD96, CXorf39, CYTH1 ETNK1, FAM13A, HIRA, INO80B, ODG1, RAD23B, and TSGA14) and two unidentified probe sets, as regulated differentially in both the PCB and OTP groups against the control group. The qRT-PCR method was used to validate the microarray results. The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software package identified the possible molecular impairments and disease risks associated with each gene set. Connective tissue disorders, genetic disorders, skeletal muscular disorders and neurological diseases were associated with the 12 common genes. The data therefore identified the potential molecular effects of POP exposure on a genomic level. This report underscores the importance of further study to validate the results in a random population and to evaluate the use of the identified genes as biomarkers for POP exposure.