尿素废水生物处理技术原理与工艺研究进展

尿素废水的处理是当前亟需解决的难题,其中生物处理法因具有工艺流程短,成本低,抗冲击负荷,不产生二次污染等优点,在尿素废水的处理中备受青睐.本文基于尿素生物水解法原理,从机理上深入分析了脲酶的发展历程,酶学结构与水解机制,并对传统生物尿素脱氮法的应用进行了系统梳理.此外,为了更好地理解厌氧氨氧化菌降解尿素的潜能及在实际工程中的应用,本文分别从微生物学和工程应用的角度总结了相关研究结果.最后提出了尿素废水生物处理研究的建议与展望,以期为实际工程应用提供有力的理论基础和技术支持.     

A large-scale outdoor atmospheric simulation smog chamber for studying atmospheric photochemical processes: Characterization and preliminary application

Understanding the formation mechanisms of secondary air pollution is very important for the formulation of air pollution control countermeasures in China. Thus, a large-scale outdoor atmospheric simulation smog chamber was constructed at Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (the CRAES Chamber), which was designed for simulating the atmospheric photochemical processes under the conditions close to the real atmospheric environment. The chamber consisted of a 56-m³ fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) Teflon film reactor, an electrically-driven stainless steel alloy shield, an auxiliary system, and multiple detection instrumentations. By performing a series of characterization experiments, we obtained basic parameters of the CRAES chamber, such as the mixing ability, the background reactivity, and the wall loss rates of gaseous compounds (propene, NO, NO₂, ozone) and aerosols (ammonium sulfate). Oxidation experiments were also performed to study the formation of ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA), including α-pinene ozonolysis, propene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene photooxidation. Temperature and seed effects on the vapor wall loss and SOA yields were obtained in this work: higher temperature and the presence of seed could reduce the vapor wall loss; SOA yield was found to depend inversely on temperature, and the presence of seed could increase SOA yield. The seed was suggested to be used in the chamber to reduce the interaction between the gas phase and chamber walls. The results above showed that the CRAES chamber was reliable and could meet the demands for investigating tropospheric chemistry.     

承包商安全管理关键人员安全素质能力的提升

以某超大型石油化工集团S下属的油田、炼化、销售等板块企业为试点,研究包括甲方(建设单位)、乙方(承包商、监理)的承包商管理关键岗位人员安全素质管理能力,旨在发现承包商安全管理存在的问题,从而研讨承包商安全管理关键环节的对策,提升相关人员安全素质能力,降低承包商安全事故。     

可见光助三维电极/电Fenton处理罗丹明B废水的研究

提出了以多孔TiO2薄膜(Porous-TiO2)板为阳极,活性炭负载Fe-Ni共掺P25颗粒(Fe-Ni-P25/AC)为粒子电极的可见光助三维电极/电Fenton(Vis-3D/EF)降解有机废水的新方法.同时,考察了该体系对罗丹明B溶液的去除效果和影响因素,探讨了降解过程的反应动力学,并与常规阳极和粒子电极组成的体系处理能耗进行了对比,探讨了Vis-3D/EF体系各个作用对去除率的贡献及对罗丹明B的降解机理.实验结果表明,在电源电压20 V、溶液pH=3、Fe2+离子投加量0.5 mmol·L-1、曝气量1.5 L·min-1、反应时间60 min时,20 mg·L-1罗丹明B的降解率为96.84%,处理过程更符合二级反应动力学.在此条件下,Porous-TiO2阳极板和Fe-Ni-P25/AC粒子电极组成的体系,降解过程具有明显的协同催化特点,协同因子达1.22,且处理能耗仅为常规石墨(Gr)阳极、活性炭(AC)粒子电极组成体系的1/85.5.Vis-3D/EF降解过程中电催化氧化作用、Fenton氧化作用、可见光催化作用及可见光下的协同作用对去除率的贡献分别为43.88%、20.21%、15.26%和17.49%.同时,通过叔丁醇捕获实验发现,·OH对去除率的贡献为75.58%,表明·OH是该体系中产生的主要活性物质.     

倡导清洁生产创建绿色作业

文章通过对创建绿色作业队的认识与实践,提出:创建绿色作业必须依靠科技转变方式;整体规划,典型带动;持续改进,重点落实。从而形成创建绿色作业的长效机制。     

Fabrication and characterization of lightweight aggregate prepared from steel mill sludge in one step

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The qualified green lightweight aggregate (LWA) was successfully prepared from steel mill sludge (SMS) and fly ash (FAS) in one step using the...     

Calcined Oil Shale Semi-coke for Significantly Improved Performance Alginate-Based Film by Crosslinking with Ca2+

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Oil shale semi-coke (OSSC) is the residual solid waste after refining of oil shale, which principally contains organic matter and minerals. The common...     

Does leakage exist in China’s typical protected areas? Evidence from 13 national nature reserves

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - There is profound interest in knowing the degree to which the effectiveness of China’s nature reserves, and whether leakage is common around the...