黄精多糖对老龄大鼠衰老生理生化指标的影响

以水提法从黄精（Ｐｏｌｙｇｏｎａｔｕｍｓｐ）中得到的粗多糖成分（ＰＰ）进行了老龄大鼠的衰老生理生化指标测定试验．两种剂量的ＰＰ灌喂老龄大鼠１ｍｏ后，测定其１２项衰老生理生化指标：胸腺指数和脾脏指数，外周血淋巴细胞ＡＮＡＥ活性，红细胞、视网膜、晶体核、晶体皮质的ＳＯＤ活性，心脏、血浆中过氧化脂质含量，肝脏、肾脏中脂褐质含量及脑中Ｂ型单胺氧化酶活性．结果表明：除胸腺指数、血浆中过氧化脂质含量无显著性变化外，其他１０项指标均有明显的改善作用；试验结果经统计学处理有显著性差异．     

宏量和微量元素在炉内喷钙脱硫过程中的作用

研究添加粉煤灰对脱硫过程的作用,实验在滴管炉上进行,温度为１２００℃,结果表明,一些宏量元素的金属氧化物对脱硫过程具有催化作用,但这种催化作用随Ｆｅ２Ｏ３掺加量的改变而变化,先升高后降低,有一个最佳值;一些微量元素的金属氧化物对脱硫过程更强的催化氧化作用,当ＭｎＯ２的掺加量为３％时,充效率提高近１倍。     

Simultaneous elution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals from contaminated soil by two amino acids derived from β-cyclodextrins

Two highly water-soluble amino acids,which derived from β-CDs,i.e.,glutamic acid-β-cyclodextrin (GluCD) and ethylene-diamineβ-cyclodextrin (EDCD),were synthesized and were examined for their effect on solubilization of anthracene (ANT),complexation of cadmium (Cd2+),and elution removal of ANT and Cd2+ in soil.The results showed that GluCD and EDCD were powerful complexant for ANT and Cd2+.In the presence of 10 g/L GluCD and EDCD,the solubilization of ANT increased by 47.04 and 23.85 times compared to the control,respectively.GluCD resulted in approximately 90% complexation of Cd2+ while 70% complexation was observed for EDCD.Simultaneously,GluCD and EDCD could greatly enhance the elution removal of ANT and Cd 2+ from soil.GluCD resulted in the highest elution efficiency of ANT and Cd2+.With the addition of 10 g/L GluCD,53.5% of ANT and 85.6% of Cd2+ were eluted,respectively.The ANT had a negligible effect on the Cd2+ removal due to different complexing sites of ANT and Cd2+,while Cd2+ enhanced the ANT removal under the addition of GluCD because Cd2+ neutralized the-COOH group of GluCD.Adversely,the removal of ANT was decreased with Cd2+ under the addition of EDCD,this was due to the fact that Cd2+ enhanced the polarity of EDCD molecule and inhibited the complexation between ANT and EDCD.The study suggested that GluCD could be preferred and be successfully applied to remediation of heavy metals or organic compounds in contaminated soil.     

基于本土物种的3种典型化合物急性生态效应阈值研究

预测无效应浓度(PNEC)是进行风险污染物水生态安全管理的重要依据。本研究进行了3种典型化合物五氯酚、硝基苯和氯化镉对10种我国不同营养级水生生物的24 h、48 h和96 h的急性毒性测试,根据实验结果计算了相应的急性PNEC,同时与根据美国环境保护局毒性数据库里的毒性数据计算获得的急性PNEC值,以及综合本实验结果与毒性数据库里的数据计算得到的急性PNEC值进行对比,发现通过3种数据来源获得的急性PNEC值中,硝基苯的PNEC值差异较大,由本次实验结果获得的急性PNEC值最小;其他2种化合物差异较小。这可能是由于本次实验所选的本土生物中华田螺和麦穗鱼对硝基苯比较敏感,并且数据库中硝基苯的急性致死数据较少、毒性值较大且变化范围较窄,而其他2种化合物数据量较为丰富,变化范围较宽,包括了较敏感物种的毒性数据。这表明为给我国水生生物提供一个安全可靠的保护,对于数据量较为丰富并且毒性值变化较宽的化合物(如五氯酚和氯化镉)可以直接根据数据库里的毒性数据进行PNEC值的计算;而对于毒性数据量较少、毒性值偏大且变化较窄的化合物(如硝基苯)需要进行本土敏感物种的毒性测试。     

Research on the effects of command-and-control and market-oriented policy tools on China’s energy conservation and emissions reduction innovation

The impact of environmental regulation on technology innovation is a hot spot in current research where a large number of empirical studies are based on Porter Hypothesis (PH). However, there are still controversies in academia about the establishment of “weak” and “narrow” versions of PH. Based on the panel data of application for patent of energy conservation and emission reduction (ECER) technology of Chinese city scale during 2008–2014, comprehensive energy price, pollutant emission, etc., mixed regression model and systematic generalized method of moments method were adopted, respectively, to study the impact of market-oriented and command-and-control policy tool on China’s ECER technology innovation. The results show that the environmental regulation hindered the technological innovation in the immediate phase; however, it turned out to be positive in the first-lag phase. Hence, the establishment of “weak” PH is time-bounded. The command-and-control policy tool played a more positive role in promoting technological innovation in the first-lag phase than market-oriented policy tool. Therefore, “narrow” PH is not tenable. The reason is that the main participants of China’s ECER technology innovation are state-owned companies and public institutions. Regionally speaking, the impact which command-and-control policy tool has on technological innovation at sight was non-significant in the eastern, the central, and the western regions of China whilst market-oriented policy tool had a negative effect. And market-oriented policy tool in the central region had strongest negative effect, which would diminish in the eastern region and become weakest in the western region. This was related to regional energy consumption level and the market economic vitality.     

不同形态的肥料对菜心吸收镉的影响

本试验以盆栽方式，设置施不同形态的肥料共10个处理，以菜心为供试作物．测定土壤pH值、菜心产量、菜心植株的含镉量．试验结果表明：（1）10个处理对菜心的产量无显著影响；（2）土壤的pH值与植物的吸镉量呈负相关；土壤的pH值与所施肥料的形态有关，硝态氮肥可以减少植物的吸镉量，铵态氮肥也有一定的效果，硫酸铵则增加植物的吸镉量；磷肥、钾肥效果不显著，不同形态肥料之间的差异未达到显著水平；（3）有机复合肥对减少植物的吸镉量有一定的作用．     

改性累托石复合絮凝剂处理油漆废水

采用改性累托石-天然高分子多糖复合絮凝剂处理油漆废水。在改性累托石质量浓度为80mg／L、天然高分于多糖质造浓度为4mg／L的条件下,COD、悬浮固体和色度的去除率分别较传统絮凝剂三氯化铝和聚丙烯酰胺提高了43．1％,6．4％,22．6％和19．1％,3．4％,21．8％;吨废水药剂成本分别下降了16．9％和30．7％,处理后的油漆废水均达到国家二级污水排放标准。     

环境损害鉴定评估制度发展及黑龙江省建设现状分析研究

随着中国经济高速发展以及工业化进程的不断加快,环境污染事故呈频发态势,环境公益诉讼制度实施和公众环保意识不断觉醒,环境司法诉讼案件数量也呈爆发性增长.环境污染损害鉴定评估工作是环境损害赔偿量化的重要基础性工作,科学的评价环境损害问题已成为环境管理研究的重要课题.基于对环境损害评估制度的调研,介绍了国内外研究现状进展,分析了黑龙江省工作现状,探讨了当前存在的问题,提出了相应的对策建议,为进一步推进环境损害鉴定评估工作发展和完善提供参考.     

Mechanism studies on nitrogen removal when treating ammonium-rich leachate by sequencing batch biofilm reactor

The nitrogen removal mechanism was studied and analyzed when treating the ammonium-rich landfill leachate by a set of sequencing batch biofilm reactors (SBBRs), which was designed independently. At the liquid temperature of (32 ± 0.4)°C, and after a 58-days domestication period and a 33-days stabilization period, the efficiency of ammonium removal in the SBBR went up to 95%. Highly frequent intermittent aeration suppressed the activity of nitratebacteria, and also eliminated the influence on the activity of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) bacteria and nitritebacteria. This influence was caused by the accumulation of nitrous acid and the undulation of pH. During the aeration stage, the concentration of dissolved oxygen was controlled at 1.2–1.4 mg/L. The nitritebacteria became dominant and nitrite accumulated gradually. During the anoxic stage, along with the concentration debasement of the dissolved oxygen, ANAMMOX bacteria became dominant; then, the nitrite that was accumulated in the aeration stage was wiped off with ammonium simultaneously.     

聚丙烯酸-聚偏氟乙烯共混膜对Cu^2＋吸附特性的研究

应用热诱导聚合和相转移技术,制备了具有离子交换性能的聚丙烯酸-聚偏氟乙烯（PAA—PVDF）共混膜,采用XPS和SEM表征了PAA—PVDF共混膜的结构和组成,分析了PAA—PVDF共混膜对水溶液中Cu^2＋的吸附性能,研究了共混膜对Cu^2＋的吸附热力学和吸附动力学．结果表明,动力学吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,等温吸附过程符合Langmuir模型．吸附过程的平均吸附能为8—16kJ／mol,表明该吸附过程为离子交换反应．热力学参数△G^0〈0、△H^0〉0、△S^0〉0,证实了吸附过程为自发的吸热过程。PAA—PVDF共混膜经吸附／脱附4次循环后,对废水中Cu^2＋的吸附量大于0．025mg／cm^2,脱附率超过95％。PAA—PVDF共混膜具有优良的吸附／脱附性能,良好的稳定性和潜在的应用前号。