疾病预防控制中心废水处理技术工程实例

疾病预防控制机构废水具有重金属种类繁多、含病原体数量大、间断性排放等特点,通过运用混凝沉淀＋曝气生物滤池（BIOFOR）＋ClO2消毒工艺对其废水进行处理,处理后废水达到《医疗机构水污染物排放标准（》GB18466-2005）排放标准。     

福建省城市生活饮用水源地水质状况及保护措施

以2003年-2008年饮用水源地水质监测数据为基础,对福建省城市生活饮用水源地水质进行评价及趋势分析。评价结果表明：福建省城市生活饮用水源地水质总体较好,水质逐年改善,冬半年水质优于夏半年,湖库型水源地未出现水质富营养化现象;不同水体类型水源地中,地下水型水源地水质最好,河流型水源地次之,湖库型水源地水质较差。本文针对福建省城市生活饮用水源地水质状况及存在的安全问题,提出了相应的饮用水源地保护措施,为领导决策部门提供一定的理论依据。     

多元主体参与视角下的地方政府自然灾害应对:经验、问题与对策——以云南省为例

地方政府要做好自然灾害应对工作必须统筹兼顾两个方面的工作:一是在自然灾害应对的法规、组织等层面上切实发挥政府的主导作用;二是充分发挥多元主体参与的作用,集聚社会力量共同参与自然灾害应对。努力形成组织规范、运转协调的政府主导下的多元主体参与的自然灾害应对模式,切实提高地方政府自然灾害应急管理的能力和水平。     

洪湖、梁子湖水体富营养化研究

2015年3月对洪湖、梁子湖进行了水质监测。依据实测数据,结合洪湖湿地自然保护区和梁子湖林业局监测数据和文献数据,采用综合营养状态指数法对洪湖、梁子湖的富营养化状态进行评价;并根据各因子在综合营养状态指数中所占比重和地表水水质标准,对各因子做了比较。结果表明:洪湖、梁子湖综合营养状态指数分别为57.2、42.5。即洪湖为轻度富营养、梁子湖为中营养;各因子对洪湖、梁子湖富营养化的贡献大致相同,即Chla为首,TP、COD_(Mn)和SD次之、TN最后。     

Growth inhibition and oxidative damage of Microcystis aeruginosa induced by crude extract of Sagittaria trifolia tubers

Aquatic macrophytes are considered to be promising in controlling harmful cyanobacterial blooms. In this research, an aqueous extract of Sagittaria trifolia tubers was prepared to study its inhibitory effect on Microcystis aeruginosa in the laboratory. Several physiological indices of M. aeruginosa, in response to the environmental stress, were analyzed. Results showed that S. trifolia tuber aqueous extract significantly inhibited the growth of M. aeruginosa in a concentration-dependent way. The highest inhibition rate reached 90% after 6 day treatment. The Chlorophyll-a concentration of M. aeruginosa cells decreased from 343.1 to314.2 μg/L in the treatment group. The activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase and the content of reduced glutathione in M. aeruginosa cells initially increased as a response to the oxidative stress posed by S. trifolia tuber aqueous extract, but then decreased as time prolonged. The lipid peroxidation damage of the cyanobacterial cell membranes was reflected by the malondialdehyde level, which was notably higher in the treatment group compared with the controls. It was concluded that the oxidative damage of M. aeruginosa induced by S.trifolia tuber aqueous extract might be one of the mechanisms for the inhibitory effects.     

Efficient removal of naphthalene-2-ol from aqueous solutions by solvent extraction

Naphthalene-2-ol is a typical biologically recalcitrant pollutant in dye wastewater.Solvent extraction of naphthalene-2-ol from aqueous solutions using mixed solvents was investigated.Various extractants and diluents were evaluated,and the effects of volume ratio of extractant to diluent,initial p H,initial concentration of naphthalene-2-ol in aqueous solution,extraction time,temperature,volume ratio of organic phase to aqueous phase(O/A),stirring rate and extraction stages,on extraction efficiency were examined separately.Regeneration and reuse of the spent extractant were also investigated.Results showed that tributyl phosphate(TBP) achieved 98% extraction efficiency for naphthalene-2-ol in a single stage extraction,the highest among the 12 extractants evaluated.Extraction efficiency was optimized when cyclohexane and n-octane were used as diluents.The solvent combination of 20% TBP,20% n-octanol and 60% cyclohexane(V/V) obtained the maximum extraction efficiency for naphthalene-2-ol,99.3%,within 20 min using three cross-current extraction stages under the following extraction conditions:O/A ratio of 1:1,initial p H of 3,25°C and stirring rate of 150 r/min.Recovery of mixed solvents was achieved by using 15%(W/W) Na OH solution at an O:A ratio of 1:1 and a contact time of 15 min.The mixed solvents achieved an extraction capacity for naphthalene-2-ol stably higher than90% during five cycles after regeneration.     

石油钻井废水处理研究进展

本文简述了处理石油钻井废水的研究现状,综述了常用的处理方法并对各种方法适用的范围以及优势和不足进行了分析。     

国内石油储运业现状及安全建议

分析了国内石油储运业的现状与发展趋势,提出几点建议。     

突发环境污染风险的分区防范研究

随着经济迅猛发展,突发重大环境污染事件呈现频发趋势。这往往给人民群众的生命、健康及财产造成巨大的损失和严重的环境破坏。合理的风险防范对策在一定程度上可以大大减小环境污染的风险及可能造成的损失。结合环境风险的理论与实践,系统地提出区域突发环境污染风险的防范体系和分区防范策略。以上海市闵行区为例,开展区域突发环境污染风险分区,并在此基础上提出不同分区突发环境污染风险的防范措施与对策,以期降低风险、减少损失。     

城市污水处理厂化学除磷工艺精确控制技术研究进展

现今自动控制系统已经广泛应用于城市污水处理厂。总结归纳了污水处理厂的化学除磷工艺,重点对加药过程控制的类型,包括手动控制系统、自动控制系统、智能控制系统进行较为详细的论述。最后针对传统污水处理厂存在的问题和不足,提出研究污水处理厂化学除磷工艺精确控制系统技术的必要性。