中国西部本底大气中CO的连续测量

在中国西北部的瓦里关全球基准站(36°17'N,100°54'E,3810m asl)建立了气相色谱-汞置换法大气CO连续测量系统.组装调试和运行标定表明,色谱方法的基线稳定,分离度高,检测方法可靠,系统具有高自动化的操作性能和严格的质量控制,其设计完全符合世界气象组织(WMO)全球大气本底测量的要求.根据采样现场大气CO浓度的变化,采用经国际比对的CO标准气系列,用峰高外标法设定可调整的标准工作曲线计算环境CO浓度,系统对CO的检测限低至1×10^-9(V/V),检测精度小于0.1%,准确度在±0.05%以内,可提供我国本底地区近地层大气CO连续而精确的现场测量结果.     

聚合铝的凝聚絮凝特征及作用机理

采用不同碱化度B(OH/Al)值的聚合铝和AlCl_3对高岭土悬浊液进行凝聚絮凝实验,同时测定电泳度及表面吸附特征,结合不同铝盐的化学形态分布,探讨聚合铝的高效凝聚作用原理.并求得表面吸附覆盖率,电位变化与形态分布间的定量关系,绘出聚合铝的凝聚区域图,对阐明聚合铝的作用机理提供了实验依据.     

CDM Project Activities in China＇s Iron and Steel Industry：Current Status,Barriers and Development Strategies

China is now facing huge pressure from both the domestic concern of energy security and the global community's call for emission reduction commitment. As one of the major energy consumers and greenhouse gas emitters, China's iron and steel industry has a huge clean development mechanism (CDM) potential. This article both quantitatively and qualitatively analyzes the current status of CDM project activities in the iron and steel industry in China, including characteristics of approved project types, applicable methodologies, and potential technology fields. From the perspective of project implementation, the article summarizes development barriers such as high investment risk, difficulty in project identification, strict requirements on PPDs, long registration waiting time, and etc. Policy suggestions are also put forwarded to help better promote the development of CDM projects in the iron and steel industry.     

Microbial reduction of uranium (VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2: A macroscopic and spectroscopic study

The microbial reduction of U(VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2, isolated from soil in Southwest China, was explored using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). Our studies indicated that approximately 16.0% of U(VI) at an initial concentration of 100 mg/L uranium nitrate could be reduced by Bacillus sp. dwc-2 at pH 8.2 under anaerobic conditions at room temperature. Additionally, natural organic matter (NOM) played an important role in enhancing the bioreduction of U(VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2. XPS results demonstrated that the uranium presented mixed valence states (U(VI) and U(IV)) after bioreduction, which was subsequently confirmed by XANES. Furthermore, the TEM and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis suggested that the reduced uranium was bioaccumulated mainly within the cell and as a crystalline structure on the cell wall. These observations implied that the reduction of uranium may have a significant effect on its fate in the soil environment in which these bacterial strains occur.     

气溶胶中正构烷烃的碳优先指数研究

本文研究了北京、广州两地不同季节气溶胶颗粒物上正构烷烃的碳优先指数值(CPI)随季节和颗粒物粒径的变化规律。结果表明,北京地区气溶胶中正构烷烃的CPI值:春>夏>秋>冬;广州地区为冬>春>夏,显示了不同的地区特征,而且随着气溶胶颗粒物粒径的减小,正构烷烃的CPI值亦减小。     

攀枝花市空气监测优化布设的方法

在分散成若干片区、地形复杂的工业城市进行空气监测优化布设时,应先确定测点所在的片区。优化时必须考虑地形和气象特点、污染源的分布和片区的功能特征。再根据片区内主要污染物及源分布确定决策团子。优化时再考虑片区内的污染气象条件,采用适当的空气扩散模式和动态模拟的方法。经过夏、秋两季实测结果证明,优化的测点代表性良好。     

乐山市区大气硫氧化物污染状况及相关因子分析

本文研究了乐山市区较大面积范围内的大气硫氧化物相对污染水平。通过分析绘出了较详细的污染图谱;在得出SO_x时间分布规律基础上,了解了与它相关的因子;用模糊聚类方法,对乐山城区大气SO_2监测点提出了优化方案;并针对乐山市的大气状况,提出了对策。     

环境补偿制度——解决环境问题的经济手段之一

为了保护环境，使环境资源可持续利用，应该建立环境补偿制度。环境补偿制度是解决环境问题的有效手段之一。本文从环境补偿的概念出发，对环境补偿制度的理论基础，建立目的、征收原则及对象等内容进行了探讨。     

地下水中汞的形成及其与人群健康的关系

地下水中汞元素的形成，主要是含汞矿物岩土溶解作用的结果，但其含量一般很低。汞与人体关系密切，结肠癌、肺癌死亡率与土壤中汞含量呈正相关，胃癌死亡率则与汞元素含量呈负相关。地下水汞元素含量小于１μｇ／Ｌ时，不会对人体健康产生危害。     

Ⅱ.尾矿砂对重金属的吸附作用

本文研究了尾矿砂颗粒对Cu,pb,Cd三种重金属离子的吸附作用,以及各种环境条件因素对颗粒表面吸附作用的影响。实验结果表明,细微尾矿砂颗粒对溶液中的重金属离子具有较强烈的吸附作用,并且强烈地依赖于溶液的pH。根据表面络合反应,对尾矿砂颗粒表面基团可能参与的表面络合反应和吸附的重金属形态进行了讨论,并应用简化络合反应模式,求取了尾矿砂颗粒与Cu,Pb,Cd的表面络合形成的条件稳定常数pK_(ad)。