Coalbed methane produced water in China: status and environmental issues

As one of the unconventional natural gas family members, coalbed methane (CBM) receives great attention throughout the world. The major associated problem of CBM production is the management of produced water. In the USA, Canada, and Australia, much research has been done on the effects and management of coalbed methane produced water (CMPW). However, in China, the environmental effects of CMPW were overlooked. The quantity and the quality of CMPW both vary enormously between coal basins or stratigraphic units in China. The unit produced water volume of CBM wells in China ranges from 10 to 271,280 L/well/day, and the concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) ranges from 691 to 93,898 mg/L. Most pH values of CMPW are more than 7.0, showing the alkaline feature, and the Na-HCO₃ and Na-HCO₃-Cl are typical types of CMPW in China. Treatment and utilization of CMPW in China lag far behind the USA and Australia, and CMPW is mainly managed by surface impoundments and evaporation. Currently, the core environmental issues associated with CMPW in China are that the potential environmental problems of CMPW have not been given enough attention, and relevant regulations as well as environmental impact assessment (EIA) guidelines for CMPW are still lacking. Other potential issues in China includes (1) water quality monitoring issues for CMPW with special components in special areas, (2) groundwater level decline issues associated with the dewatering process, and (3) potential environmental issues of groundwater pollution associated with hydraulic fracturing.     

Development of Future Generations： Oriented Virtual Negotiation Support System for Intergenerational Conflict

Intergenerational conflict coordination is the fundamental requirement and core of sustainable development. In this paper, through the analysis of the future generations-oriented management mechanisms for intergenerational conflict, the idea of mechanisms and institution building for the coordination and management of intergenerational conflict is put forward. Furthermore, the future generations-oriented virtual negotiation support system （NSS） for intergenerational conflict is developed, built on the analysis of the process simulation of intergenerational wealth transfer, intergenerational equilibrium allocation of resources, and strategies for the mitigation and avoidance of intergenerational conflict, through the application of advanced IT technology. The virtual NSS for intergenerational conflict is helpful to the practical application of the sustainable development theory; on the other hand, it can be applied directly to the intergenerational equilibrium allocation of resources, national economic accounting, formulation of sustainable development strategies and other urgent national economic and social development issues. Finally, the sustainable development theory can be enriched and extended. Therefore, the development of the future generations-oriented virtual NSS for intergenerational conflict has certain theoretical and practical effects on the theory of sustainable development.     

江苏沿江城市群可持续发展的制约因素与取向

本文概括地描述了江苏沿江城市群发展特点，分析了城市群规模增大、结构优化、形态和功能演进的主要制约因素，并提出了城市群可持续发展的几点建议     

以预防为主,综合防御地震灾害

本文在分析我国防震减灾主要途径的基础上,提出了现阶段防震减灾要贯彻“以预防为主,综合防御地震灾害”的工作思路。论述了综合防御的主要工作环节,根据分区分类指导的原则,防震减灾工作的重点应是全国重点地震监视防御区。     

对《中国地震烈度区划图(1990) 》及江苏省部分的有关认识

中国第三代地震烈度区划图发布施行,标志着我国地震设防法规进入了一个新的阶段。尤其是地震设防标准与抗震设计规范的统一和有机结合,使地震烈度区划能更好地直接服务于我国的国民经济建设。本文简要回顾了地震烈度区划图编制的发展过程,并着重说明了第三代地震烈度区划图的使用规定。最后还表述了对新编制区划图中江苏省部分的有关认识。     

中国杀虫剂类持久性有机污染物的生命周期管理

中国已签署《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》。面对目前杀虫剂类持久性有机污染物 (POPs)的生产、使用和环境污染现状 ,中国履约形势十分严峻。笔者探讨了生命周期管理的概念 ;分析了污染历史、现状和原因 ;提出了杀虫剂类POPs在生产、运输、销售、使用、库存和废弃处置等阶段的生命周期管理建议 ;指出相关法律、法规和制度的建立和执行应体现源头控制、优先控制和生命周期管理的思想。