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791.
Spatiotemporal Variation of Karst Ecosystem Service Values and Its Correlation with Environmental Factors in Northwest Guangxi,China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this investigation we analyzed the spatiotemporal variation of ecosystem service values (ESVs) and its correlation with
numerous environmental factors (EFs) for the karst region of Northwest Guangxi, China, from 1985 to 2005 using remote sensing,
geographic information systems (GIS) and statistical techniques. The results indicate that historically ESVs for this karst
region decreased from 1985 (109.652 billion Yuan) to 1990 (88.789 billion Yuan) and then increased at the turn of the twenty-first
century. However, the ESVs in both 2000 (103.384 billion Yuan) and 2005 (106.257 billion Yuan) never achieved the level recorded
in 1985. The total of nutrient cycling, organic production and gas regulation combined were 72.69, 64.57, 70.18 and 72.10%
of ESVs in 1985, 1990, 2000 and 2005, respectively. In contrast, the ESVs of water conservation, soil reservation, recreation
and culture were determined to be relatively low contributing only 17.44, 23.82, 19.26 and 24.76% of total ESVs, respectively,
during these four years. With regards to the spatial distribution of ESVs, larger values were recorded in the west and smaller
ones recorded in the east. The most significant factors that were deemed to influence ESVs are annual rainfall, per capita
cropland, slope and vegetation coverage. Annual rainfall and slope exert a negative force, whereas per capita cropland and
vegetation coverage exert a positive force on ESVs. The results of the study would suggest that ecosystem conditions of this
important karst region have been improved as the result of the implementation of rocky desertification control policies. 相似文献
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795.
基于协调度与熵权法的绩效评价新方法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
自人们意识到绩效评价的重要性以来,越来越多的研究集中于绩效评价的方法。以往的绩效评价侧重用数字表象进行评价,而忽略了政府、企业系统及其与社会经济发展之间的特性。基于此,根据既有的信息熵理论研究成果,提出了协调度与熵权法复合评价模型,并运用该模型对2009年度河北省区域创新绩效进行了实证分析,既科学、全面地衡量绩效情况,又便于政府、企业及其与社会经济发展之间的系统分析,是一种绩效评价方法的创新,具有一定的普适性和通用性。 相似文献
796.
以处理20m^3/d城镇生活污水的深沟型气升推流立体循环倒置A^2O整体合建氧化沟中试装置为研究平台,通过对影响该工艺运行的有机物的去除效果、硝化反应与反硝化反应效果及除磷效果等因素进行探索及最佳工况的正交试验设计,实验结果表明该工艺对BOD,、COD、SS、NH4^-N、TN、TP的平均去除率分别为94.25%、90... 相似文献
797.
秀丽线虫适应响应的形成与调控机理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
除了环境暴露评价,在环境毒理学研究中模式动物秀丽线虫也已经被应用于适应响应形成及其调控机理研究.在综述中,系统介绍了秀丽线虫中存在的几种形式毒物诱发的适应响应,即同一因素适应响应、交叉适应响应与特殊形式的适应响应;讨论了目前已经揭示出的6种影响适应响应形成因素;分析了适应响应形成可能机制,即抗氧化应激体系、热激蛋白、金... 相似文献
798.
Assessment of heavy metals in sediments from a typical catchment of the Yangtze River, China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ying Wang Zhifeng Yang Zhenyao Shen Zhenwu Tang Junfeng Niu Fan Gao 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,172(1-4):407-417
An intensive investigation was conducted to study the accumulation, speciation, and distribution of various heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in sediments from the Yangtze River catchment of Wuhan, China. The potential ecological risks posed by these heavy metals also were estimated. The median concentrations of most heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were higher than the background values of soils in Wuhan and were beyond the threshold effect level (TEL), implying heavy metal contamination of the sediments. Carbonate-bound Cd and exchangeable Cd, both of which had high bioavailability, were 40.2% and 30.5% of the total for Cd, respectively, demonstrating that Cd poses a high ecological risk in the sediments. The coefficients of the relationship among Pb, Hg, and Cu were greater than 0.797 using correlation analysis, indicating the highly positive correlation among these three elements. Besides, total organic carbon content played an important role in determining the behaviors of heavy metals in sediments. Principal component analysis was used to study the distribution and potential origin of heavy metals. The result suggested three principal components controlling their variability in sediments, which accounted for 36.72% (factor 1: Hg, Cu, and Pb), 28.69% (factor 2: Cr, Zn, and Ni), and 19.45% (factor 3: As and Cd) of the total variance. Overall, 75% of the studied sediment samples afforded relatively low potential ecological risk despite the fact that generally higher concentrations of heavy metals relative to TEL were detected in the sediments. 相似文献
799.
Baoping Cai Yonghong Liu Yunwei Zhang Qian Fan Zengkai Liu Xiaojie Tian 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2013,26(4):639-649
An application of dynamic Bayesian networks for quantitative risk assessment of human factors on offshore blowouts is presented. Human error is described using human factor barrier failure (HFBF), which consists of three categories of factors, including individual factor barrier failure (IFBF), organizational factor barrier failure (OFBF) and group factor barrier failure (GFBF). The structure of human factors is illustrated using pseudo-fault tree, which is defined by incorporating the intermediate options into fault tree in order to eliminate the binary restriction. A methodology of translating pseudo-fault tree into Bayesian networks and dynamic Bayesian networks taking repair into consideration is proposed and the propagation is performed. The results show that the human factor barrier failure probability only increases within the first two weeks and rapidly reaches a stable level when the repair is considered, whereas it increases continuously when the repair action is not considered. The results of mutual information show that the important degree sequences for the three categories of human factors on HFBF are: GFBF, OFBF and IFBF. In addition, each individual human factor contributes different to the HFBF, those which contribute much should given more attention in order to improve the human reliability and prevent the potential accident occurring. 相似文献
800.
Hui-Ling Fan Ju Shangguan Li-Tong Liang Chun-Hu Li Jian-Ying Lin 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2013,91(3):235-243
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of clay binder, an important additive, on the performance of iron oxide sorbent in high temperature coal gas desulfurization. The four clay binders chosen for the study were kaolinite, diatomite, bentonite and brick clay. The sulfidation–regeneration cycles were conducted in a fixed-bed reactor. XRD, DTA and FTIR, together with texture characterizing techniques, such as mercury porosimetry and nitrogen adsorption, were adopted to characterize the sorbents and raw materials. The results obtained show that sorbents prepared from various clay binders exhibit different breakthrough behaviors. In addition, a correlation between pore volume and sulfur capacity reveals that sorbents with a greater number of pores larger than 200 nm (diameter), exhibit higher sulfur capacity. The reason for this is that a greater number of large pores can improve diffusion and provide a larger space for relieving heat impact. However, too many large pores may result in weak strength and very low bulk density, thus a balance between large pores and the density must be achieved. This study also reveals that clay binder can contribute to the modification of a sorbent's texture as gas is released when the mineral structure changes during calcination. In addition, a clay mineral with an active interlayer has been shown to be beneficial in improving the dispersion of active components in the sorbent, because of the existence of an interaction between the mineral and red mud. 相似文献