东江流域典型乡镇饮用水源地重金属污染健康风险评价

为阐明东江流域典型乡镇饮用水源地重金属污染物的分布特征与风险水平,对研究区域内9个区县45个水样中的常规水质指标和铁、铜、锰、锌、砷、铬、汞、铅、镉等金属污染物浓度进行了分析检测,并应用美国环境保护署推荐的环境健康风险评价模型,对不同类型的水源地进行了健康风险评价.结果表明,该研究区域的金属致癌风险较高,其中最高的致癌风险来自水库中的铬,成人和儿童分别达到1.14×10-4.a-1和2.14×10-4.a-1,江河、水库和地下水的金属总致癌风险超过了ICRP推荐的可接受风险水平5.0×10-5.a-1;该区域金属非致癌风险较低,均在EPA推荐的可接受范围内.该研究区域金属污染物的优先控制顺序为铬>砷>铅>铁>锌,饮用水源地的风险值排序为水库>江河>地下水>山泉.     

分子的拓扑与表面活性剂的EACN值

用图论的方法研究了正烷烃，烷基苯及烷苯磺酸盐类表面活性剂分子的ＥＡＣＮ值与分子结构间的关系。发现分子的ＥＡＣＮ值与Ｗｉｅｎｅｒ指数和极性数有良好的线性相关性。     

Current research scenario for biological effect of exogenous factors on microcystin synthesis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In natural water bodies, numerous cyanobacteria have the potential to intracellularly synthesize cyanotoxins, among which microcystin (MC) is the...     

基于生态系统服务价值的土地利用规划环境评价研究

在对土地利用规划环境评价技术方法存在的问题进行评述的基础上,引入生态系统服务价值作为其评价指标,并对滨淮县某镇的土地利用总体规划进行案例分析.结果表明,生态系统服务价值在土地利用规划环境评价中的应用可把各土地利用类型的生态效益转化为简单易懂的货币形式,可对土地利用规划方案的生态效益进行定量化评估.     

PM 2.5中铂族元素及微量元素采样滤膜的选择

为准确分析大气PM_(2.5)中的铂族元素及微量元素,得到更低的检出限,对3种石英滤膜(Whatman石英滤膜(WH)、Pall石英滤膜(PA)、国产石英滤膜(CC))的空白值进行检测,并用王水处理WH,以检验其空白值的降低效果。结果表明:PA中铂族元素及微量元素含量最低。王水处理WH(WH’)中铂族及微量元素的空白值得到有效降低。WH’和PA可用于PM_(2.5)中铂族元素及微量元素的采集和分析。     

Occurrence and removal of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in wastewater treatment plants in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, Chongqing, China

Concentrations of six endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), bisphenol A (BPA), estrone (E(1)), 17β-estradiol (E(2)), estriol (E(3)), 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE(2)) and diethylstilbestrol (DES), were assessed in influents, effluents and excess sludge in ten municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) area, Chongqing, China. Three types of activated sludge treatment processes, oxidation ditch (OD), reversed anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (rA(2)/O) technology and sequential batch reactor (SBR), were used in the surveyed WWTPs. These WWTPs were all combined landfill leachate-sewage treatment plants. All analytes were extracted by solid-phase extraction (SPE) in the dissolved phase and by accelerated solvent-based extraction (ASE) in sludge. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed for the analysis of EDCs. Among these EDCs, BPA was the most frequently detected and abundant compound (100.0-10566.7 ng L(-1), 15.5-1210.7 ng L(-1) and 85.0-2470.4 ng g(-1) with respect to the influents, effluents and excess sludge samples). The greatest levels of steroidal estrogens in municipal influents were observed in E(3) which were all >100 ng L(-1), followed by E(1) (42.2-110.7 ng L(-1)) and E(2) (7.4-32.7 ng L(-1)), and in the effluents and sludge were E(1) > E(3) > E(2) which were all <31 ng L(-1) and 105 ng g(-1), respectively. Regarding synthetic estrogens, EE(2) was frequently detected in the influents, occurring below 50 ng L(-1), while DES was not detected at all. A high correlation coefficient was observed between the leachate-sludge ratio and concentrations of influent EDCs, and it was statistically significant (i.e., R > 0.65, P < 0.05), but removal efficiency of the EDCs did not show significant differences with OD, rA(2)/O and SBR processes. Furthermore, modification of treatment technology as well as operational parameters, such as hydraulic retention time (HRT), sludge retention time (SRT) and disinfection process (DP), were recommended to further eliminate the residual EDCs.     

Occurrence of selected antibiotics in Jiulongjiang River in various seasons, South China

The concentrations of six sulfonamides (SAs) and three tetracyclines (TCs) were investigated in Jiulongjiang River during the low water season and the high water season. They were monitored in both surface water and sediment. Total concentrations of all these antibiotics varied from 31 to 25,771 ng g(-1) in sediment samples. In water they ranged from 60 to 2607 ng L(-1) during the low water season and from ND (not detected) to 134 ng L(-1) during the high water season. At the sites nearby breeding farms, chlorotetracycline was found to have the highest concentration of 1036 ng L(-1) in water and 14,666 ng g(-1) in sediments. According to the published data, the concentrations of sulfamethazine, sulfameter and TCs at these sites were higher than that in most rivers. The concentrations during the low water season were tens to hundreds of times higher than that in the high water season. The lower concentrations of TCs in the high water season might result from both dilution and photo-degradation, while dilution and bio-degradation might lead to the lower concentrations of SAs. However, further study is needed to clarify the specific reasons. Concerning the relationship between sediment and water samples, the pseudo-partitioning values of TCs were much higher than SAs. It indicates that the TCs are prone to accumulate in the sediment.     

Assessing the visual quality of green landscaping in rural residential areas: the case of Changzhou, China

Changzhou is a typical waterside municipality with approximately 2,500 years of history located south of the Yangtze River. It was an agriculturally oriented region but is becoming an industrialized region. Rural green landscaping in this region possesses characteristics of traditional Chinese gardens. This paper presents a methodology for assessing the visual quality of green landscaping in rural residential areas through public perception-based and expert/design approaches. The former approach enables us to rank green landscaping based on a survey of public preference; the latter weighs the contributions of the attributes contained in a photograph to its overall scenic beauty via correlation, regression, and factor analyses. The photographs used in the survey included road greenways, riparian greenways, residential public gardens and green landscaping around houses, with each type of landscape represented by seven photographs. In total, 141 college students and 41 other participants ranked photographs of each landscaping type from highest to lowest preference. The results indicate that the preferences of students are similar to those of the general public. Examples of green landscaping depicted in the “best” four photographs possessed more attractive qualities regarding the variety of vegetation, richness of colors and a selection of human additions compared to those depicted in the “worst” photographs. The perceived visual quality was positively influenced by, in decreasing order of importance, the variety of vegetation, color contrast, the openness of green spaces, the area of vegetation, and positive man-made elements; conversely, it was negatively influenced by the type of topography. Moreover, some suggestions were offered for future rural greening regarding perceived visual beauty.     

克拉玛依炼油厂达标排放废水库中重金属污染监测与评价

对克拉玛依石化公司炼油厂达标排放废水库水和底泥中的10种重金属做了监测与评价,研究了其重金属的分布特征。水样的综合污染指数P为0.564,表现为轻度污染,其中Fe和Hg为主要污染分担者,其他重金属处于尚清洁范围。模糊综合评价法评价结果废水库为Ⅲ类水质。底泥地累积指数评价结果表明,Hg和Cd为中度污染,Pb为轻度污染。潜在生态风险指数法评价表明,Cd的单因子生态风险指数为133.2,为较重生态风险,Hg的单因子生态风险指数为225.9,为重度生态风险。除Pb和Cr外,Cu、Zn、Ni、As和Hg都低于全国多数湖泊底泥含量。     

PPM htv型甲醛速测仪与AHMT分光光度法的可比性研究

按照《民用建筑工程室内环境污染控制规范》(GB 50325-2006)的布点要求,本文采用AHMT分光光度法和PPM htv型甲醛速测仪同步采样,并对AHMT分光光度法与PPM htv型甲醛速测仪的性能进行了系统的比较。