Revealing the impact of water conservancy projects and urbanization on hydrological cycle based on the distribution of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in water

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In recent years, the development and utilization of water resources have imposed great impacts on hydrological characteristics and ecological...     

3种内筒溢流型溶气罐结构改进设计方案的溶气性能对比分析

溶气罐是溶气释放式微气泡发生系统的关键设备,其中内筒溢流型溶气罐具有结构简单、成泡粒径小等优点.提出了3种内筒溢流型溶气罐的结构改进设计方案,并对其在不同操作参数下的溶气性能进行了对比分析.为克服通过测量释气量间接表征溶气量所带来的系统误差,建立了在线带压测量溶解氧的方法,并以空气在水中溶解量的变化率(即溶气效率)来直接表征溶气罐的溶气性能.结果表明:溶气效率随气液比和溶气压力的增大而增加,随液位比的升高而减小;在相同气液比、液位比及溶气压力下,气液切向进口加螺旋导叶片型溶气罐的溶气效率最高.采用响应曲面法对溶气性能相对最佳的内筒溢流型溶气罐的操作参数进行优化,预测最高溶气效率为72.43％时的最佳操作参数为:气液比为0.25,液位比为0.36,溶气压力为0.26 MPa.所得回归模型预测值与实测值的相对误差为0.87％,表明该模型可较好地分析和预测溶气罐的溶气性能.     

Explanation of heavy metal pollution in coal mines of china from the perspective of coal gangue geochemical characteristics

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the process of coal gangue surface accumulation and underground filling disposal, the heavy metals contained in coal gangue will inevitably...     

In-situ synthesis of TiO2 rutile/anatase heterostructure by DC magnetron sputtering at room temperature and thickness effect of outermost rutile layer on photocatalysis

TiO_2 rutile/anatase heterostructure thin films with varying rutile thickness have been in-situ synthesized via DC magnetron sputtering with Ar gas at room temperature. The crystal texture, surface morphology, energy gap and optical properties of the films have been investigated by X-ray diffraction meter, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction meter, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and UV–visible spectrophotometer, which indicates that the rutile/anatase heterostructure films are successfully fabricated. The further degradation experiments display that the photocatalytic activity can be dramatically affected by the thickness of the outmost rutile layer and the 100 nm thickness exhibits the best performance in all of the TiO_2 thin films. With the increase of the outmost rutile layer, the optical band gap of TiO_2 film displays a systematic decrease slightly. However,the change in photocatalytic activity does not coincide with that in the band gap. The photoresponse and electrochemical properties of the thin films have been characterized to understand the mechanism of the varied photocatalytic activity.     

Increasing the application of gas engines to decrease China’s GHG emissions

This paper employs a review of the technical literature to estimate the potential decrease in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that could be achieved by increasing the application of gas engines in China in three sectors: urban public transport vehicle; shipping; and thermal power plants. China’s gas engine development strategies and three types of gas resource are discussed in the study, which indicates that gas engines could decrease GHG emissions by 520 megatonnes (Mt) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO_2e) by 2020. This would account for 9.7 % of the government’s target for decreasing GHG emissions and is dominated by methane recovery from the use of coal mine gas (CMG) and landfill gas (LFG) for power generation. In the public urban transport vehicle and shipping sectors the low price of natural gas and the increasing demand for the control of harmful emissions could spur the rapid uptake of gas engine vehicles. However, the development of CMG- and LFG-fuelled power plants has been limited by the unwillingness of local enterprises to invest in high-performance gas engine generators and the associated infrastructure. Therefore, further compulsory policies that promote CMG use and LFG recovery should be implemented. Moreover, strict regulations on limiting methane leakage during the production and distribution of gas fuels are urgently needed in China to prevent leakage causing GHG emissions and largely negating the climate benefits of fuel substitution. Strategies for increasing the application of gas engines, promoting gas resources and recovering methane in China are instrumental in global GHG mitigation strategies.     

罕见冬季降雨中人工增雨微物理过程分析研究

用Micaps实时资料、CPAS卫星反演分析资料、NCEP再分析资料、ECMWF再分析资料,多普勒雷达PUP产品资料,对2015年12月1日夜间至2日凌晨沈阳地区罕见冬季降雨过程,进行了天气学分析、及大气微物理人工增雨作业条件分析,并结合沈阳地区人工增雨作业指标,得出本次降雨过程在厄尔尼诺正在发生的背景下,为常见的高空槽转东北冷涡型,水汽、动力等微物理作业条件也适合于开展人工增雨作业,并给出了相应的作业指导参数,为沈阳地区今后在冬季降雨天气过程中开展人工增雨作业积累了宝贵经验.     

Effect of ammonium on nitrous oxide emission during denitrification with different electron donors

Nitrous oxide(N2O) emission during denitrification is receiving intensive attention due to its high potential to cause greenhouse effects.In this study,denitrifiers were acclimated in sequencing batch reactors with methanol or acetate as the electron donor and nitrate as the electron acceptor.The effects of ammonium on N2O emission were examined in batch experiments with various electron donors.With the addition of ammonium,N2O emission increased under all the examined conditions compared to experiments without ammonium addition.With different electron donors,the highest ratio of N2O emission to the removed oxidized nitrogen was 0.70% for methanol,5.34% for acetate,and 34.79% for polyhydroxybutyrate.     

苏皖交界北西向断裂构造地震危险性分析

苏皖交界近年来不断有地震发生,2012年7月发生了Ms4.9级地震,造成了一定的破坏,其社会影响大。在此震情形势下,本文通过分析苏皖交界北西向断裂构造的活动特征、北西向断裂构造与历史破坏性地震及现代2.0级以上地震间的关系,认为苏皖交界区域沿扬州—六合—高邮—盱眙—洪泽—带被北西向的自来桥—来安断裂和无锡—宿迁断裂所夹持的区域,未来有发生Ms5.0级地震的构造背景,应关注其未来地震危险性。     

汶川地震余震地震动衰减关系研究

2008年汶川8.0级特大地震发生后,又发生了多次余震,震区的固定台站和流动台站因此获取了上万条MS3.3～6.4级地震动观测记录。地震记录显示这些余震的震中距和震级分布比较均匀,为建立地震动衰减关系奠定了较好的数据基础。本文基于汶川地震MS3.3～6.4震级范围内、震中距小于150 km区域范围的余震观测数据进行了统计回归分析,建立了汶川地震余震(MS≤6.4)的衰减关系模型,并对地震动加速度峰值(PGA)给出了具体的衰减关系表达式。     

含油污泥无害化处置优化研究及生命周期评价

提出含油污泥的优化处置方案,并通过生命周期评价方法(LCA)对优化方案进行环境影响评价。结果表明,与原处置工艺相比优化后环境负荷降低了99.62%。