Alteration of dominant cyanobacteria in different bloom periods caused by abiotic factors and species interactions

Freshwater cyanobacterial blooms have drawn public attention because they threaten the safety of water resources and human health worldwide. Heavy cyanobacterial blooms outbreak in Lake Taihu in summer annually and vanish in other months. To find out the factors impacting the cyanobacterial blooms, the present study measured the physicochemical parameters of water and investigated the composition of microbial community using the 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer amplicon sequencing in the months with or without bloom. The most interesting finding is that two major cyanobacteria, Planktothrix and Microcystis, dramatically alternated during a cyanobacterial bloom in 2016, which is less mentioned in previous studies. When the temperature of the water began increasing in July, Planktothrix appeared first and showed as a superior competitor for M. aeruginosa in NO₃^?-rich conditions. Microcystis became the dominant genus when the water temperature increased further in August. Laboratory experiments confirmed the influence of temperature and the total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) form on the growth of Planktothrix and Microcystis in a co-culture system. Besides, species interactions between cyanobacteria and non-cyanobacterial microorganisms, especially the prokaryotes, also played a key role in the alteration of Planktothrix and Microcystis. The present study exhibited the alteration of two dominant cyanobacteria in the different bloom periods caused by the temperature, TDN forms as well as the species interactions. These results helped the better understanding of cyanobacterial blooms and the factors which contribute to them.     

超低排放下燃煤电厂氨排放特征

燃煤电厂采用SCR(选择性催化还原)脱硝过程消耗大量的氨,同时存在氨逃逸和氨排放问题.为了掌握超低排放燃煤机组的氨排放程度、脱硝氨逃逸情况以及各环保设施对氨的协同脱除能力,为燃煤电厂氨减排政策制定和氨减排技术研发提供支持.在京津冀大气污染传输通道城市中选取11个城市中的14台机组,采用例如DL/T 260—2012《燃煤电厂烟含脱硝装置性能验收试验规范》的标准方法用稀硫酸吸收烟气中的氨再结合分光光度测试方法,对环保设施多个位置的烟气中氨进行浓度测试.结果表明:①氨排放浓度介于0.05~3.27 mg/m3之间,平均约0.95 mg/m3,通过烟气排入大气中氨的浓度不高;②测试的14台机组中有7台机组(约50%)脱硝氨逃逸值高于设计值(2.28 mg/m3),说明脱硝氨逃逸超过设计值呈普遍现象,个别电厂脱硝氨逃逸严重,氨逃逸亟待解决;③环保设施对逃逸氨具有较好的协同脱除能力,平均脱除率约为64.86%.建议对于SCR脱硝氨逃逸严重的机组,对SCR出口烟道截面氮氧化物(NO_x)实施网格式测试,在此基础上实施精细化精准喷氨、优化流场、提高SCR脱硝运行水平(或采用专业化运维),从源头上减少氨耗量,降低系统能耗和氨排放.      

天津市环境空气中恶臭感官定量评价分析

为研究环境空气恶臭污染特征,以天津市区为研究区域,分别在夏秋两季对天津市内六区的环境空气中恶臭感官浓度进行了监测。结果显示,在观测期间臭气浓度在限值（以《恶臭污染物排放标准》厂界臭气浓度限值20作为参照）范围以内的样品数量夏季占63％,而秋季占18％;通过多元线性回归方法建立了典型恶臭污染物与恶臭感官浓度的定量表达式,计算出典型恶臭污染物对市区环境空气的臭气浓度贡献率占59％。通过对实测值与预测值的拟合情况的分析,表明该回归方程可以较好的预测天津市环境空气中夏季恶臭感官浓度。     

易燃、易爆危险化学品铁路运输危险性分析

从定性和定量两个方面对易燃、易爆危险化学品的铁路槽罐车运输过程和装卸过程的危险性进行分析,利用道化学火灾爆炸指数法计算易燃、易爆危险化学品铁路罐车的火灾爆炸指数,进行重大危险源辨识,并对重大危险源的概念进行了理论探讨,提出移动式重大危险源的概念。     

汶川地震余震地震动衰减关系研究

2008年汶川8.0级特大地震发生后,又发生了多次余震,震区的固定台站和流动台站因此获取了上万条MS3.3～6.4级地震动观测记录。地震记录显示这些余震的震中距和震级分布比较均匀,为建立地震动衰减关系奠定了较好的数据基础。本文基于汶川地震MS3.3～6.4震级范围内、震中距小于150 km区域范围的余震观测数据进行了统计回归分析,建立了汶川地震余震(MS≤6.4)的衰减关系模型,并对地震动加速度峰值(PGA)给出了具体的衰减关系表达式。     

中扬子台地北缘灯影组碳酸盐岩成岩作用序列及成岩模式

研究区主要的成岩作用类型有胶结、溶解、硅化、白云石化、压实-压溶和去白云石化作用等，详细研究了每种成岩作用的矿物岩石学特征及对孔隙形成、演化的影响。把研究区成岩环境划分为大气淡水成岩环境、海水成岩环境、混合水成岩环境、埋藏成岩环境和晚期表生成岩环境五大类．总结了每种成岩环境的成岩组构特征、成岩标志、δ18O和δC及微量元素Na+、Sr2+的分布规律。此外，还探讨了深水斜坡相粉-细晶白云岩和台地浅滩相颗粒白云岩的成岩演化序列与孔隙演化，最后概括出了研究区碳酸盐岩的成岩作用模式。     

苏皖交界北西向断裂构造地震危险性分析

苏皖交界近年来不断有地震发生,2012年7月发生了Ms4.9级地震,造成了一定的破坏,其社会影响大。在此震情形势下,本文通过分析苏皖交界北西向断裂构造的活动特征、北西向断裂构造与历史破坏性地震及现代2.0级以上地震间的关系,认为苏皖交界区域沿扬州—六合—高邮—盱眙—洪泽—带被北西向的自来桥—来安断裂和无锡—宿迁断裂所夹持的区域,未来有发生Ms5.0级地震的构造背景,应关注其未来地震危险性。     

Phytoremediation of levonorgestrel in aquatic environment by hydrophytes

Adsorption and degradation of levonorgestrel （LNG） by two hydrophytes, Cyperus alternfolius （CA） and Eichhornia crassipes （EC）, were investigated under light-shielding conditions in the water column. Variations of LNG concentrations in water, plant root epidermis, root, stem and leaf of the plants were analyzed. The results indicated that the removal efficiency of LNG by hydrophytes over the period of 50 days was significantly greater than the blank control （p 〈 0.05）, with the removal rates of 79.80%± 3.10% and 78.86% ± 2.55% for CA and EC, respectively. Compared with bio-adsorption, bio-conversion of LNG was found to be the dominant elimination pathway, evidenced by relatively high conversion rates （77.31% ±2.68% for CA and 77.82% ± 2.95% for EC）, while the adsorption rates were lower （1.77% ± 0.90% for CA and 1.05% ± 0.40% for EC）. The bio-adsorption and conversion of LNG showed no significant differences between the two hydrophytes. Additionally, the mineralization on root epidermis played an important role in the reduction of LNG in water.     

羊场湾大采高易自燃工作面CO分布规律研究

为探明羊场湾160205工作面上隅角CO体积分数超限明显的原因,沿工作面倾向和走向布置测点,测试早中晚三班开始前的CO体积分数,并在采空区布置束管,对不同位置气体进行取样分析,得出160205工作面CO体积分数分布。结合煤炭开采过程CO的主要来源与煤氧化产生CO的机理,分析得出羊场湾160205工作面CO主要来源。结果表明:CO体积分数沿工作面煤壁到架后采空区方向逐渐升高;采空区深度0～15 m和30～100 m处为高体积分数CO区域;160205工作面CO主要来源为采空区遗煤氧化,其次为顶煤氧化与割煤时煤体破碎产生,采空区深度30～100 m处的CO体积分数较高区域是判定采空区遗煤自燃状况的关键区域。     

安钢高炉出铁场除尘工程实践

六号高炉炉前出铁场工程是一项工业污染治理项目，该项目结合安钢实际，利用较少的投资，解决了多年困扰炼铁厂的炉前烟尘污染的问题，该技术结合目前国内中小高炉出铁场综合治理的经验，提出了顶吸加侧吸的综合捕集方式，极大地改善了出铁场的烟尘污染状况，同时回收的粉尘又有极高的利用价值，取得了一定的经济效益。