Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution by hydrous manganese dioxide: Adsorption behavior and mechanism

Hydrous manganese dioxide (HMO) synthesized by redox of potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide was used as an adsorbent for Pb(Ⅱ) removal.The specific surface area,pore volume and BJH pore diameter of the HMO were 79.31m2/g,0.07cm3/g and 3.38 nm,respectively.The adsorption equilibrium at 298K could be well described by the Langmuir isotherm equation with q max value of 352.55mg/g.The negative values of G and the positive values of H and S indicated the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic.The pseudo second-order equation could best fit the adsorption data.The value of the calculated activation energy for Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption onto the HMO was 38.23 kJ/mol.The uptake of Pb(Ⅱ) by HMO was correlated with increasing surface hydroxyl group content and the main adsorbed speciation was PbOH+.The final chemical state of Pb(Ⅱ) on the surface of HMO was similar to PbO.HMO was a promising candidate for Pb(Ⅱ) removal from aqueous solution.     

陕北气田含醇污水综合治理室内实验研究

陕北气田生产中大多采用甲醇抑制水合物的形成,一部分甲醇溶于水相形成了含醇污水。含醇污水中的甲醇需回收循环使用,以降低天然气的生产成本。该含醇污水水质特点是矿化度非常高,油分和机械杂质含量也较高,pH值较低,同时溶解有一定量的CO2及O2,因此在甲醇回收装置运行中经常出现管线、设备腐蚀穿孔、精馏塔结垢堵塞等现象,严重影响装置的安全运行。针对以上问题在此提出用絮凝/缓蚀阻垢技术综合治理陕北气田含醇污水,含醇污水经处理后,总铁、H2S、机杂、油分含量大为降低;含醇污水对碳钢腐蚀速率可控制在0.15 mm/a以下,阻垢率达到100%,可以完全解决陕北气田含醇污水甲醇回收处理过程中存在的结垢、腐蚀、堵塞等问题。     

重庆典型灰霾天气下大气气溶胶的激光雷达探测

简要介绍了法国Losphere公司ALS300型偏振Mie散射激光雷达的基本结构、探测原理及反演算法,并通过在重庆主城区2009年11月23～27日一次典型灰霾天气条件下连续的气溶胶激光雷达探测结果分析得出,重庆冬季典型灰霾天气下PBL平均高度约为600米,AOD值在4及以上。     

Photo-production of dissolved inorganic carbon from dissolved organic matter in contrasting coastal waters in the southwestern Taiwan Strait, China

Photo-production of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is an important transformation process in marine carbon cycle, but little is known about this process in Chinese coastal systems. This study investigated an estuarine water sample and a coastal seawater sample from the subtropical waters in southeast of China. Water samples were exposed to natural sunlight and the absorption and fluorescence of CDOM as well as the DIC concentration were measured in the summer of 2009. The estuarine water had higher CDOM level, molecular weight and proportion of humic-like fluorescent components than the seawater that exhibited abundant tryptophan-like fluorescent component. After a 3-day irradiation, the CDOM level decreased by 45% in the estuarine water and 20% in the seawater, accompanied with a decrease in the molecular weight and aromaticity of DOM which was inferred from an increase in the absorption spectral slope parameter. The photo-degradation rates of all the five fluorescent components were also notable, in particular two humic-like components (C4 and C5) were removed by 78% and 69% in the estuarine water and by 69% and 56% in the seawater. The estuarine water had a higher photo-production rate of DIC than the seawater (4.4 vs. 2.5 μupmol/(L.day)), in part due to its higher CDOM abundance. The differences in CDOM compositions between the two types of waters might be responsible for the higher susceptibility of the estuarine water to photo-degradation and hence could also affect the photo-production process of DIC.     

生物铁泥的Fe（Ⅲ）还原能力及影响因素

以生物铁泥和普通活性污泥为对象,在不同碳源及兼氧/厌氧条件下采用实验室恒温培养的方法考察了不同活性污泥的Fe（Ⅲ）还原性能。研究结果表明,不同活性污泥Fe（Ⅲ）还原能力相差较大,生物铁泥的Fe（Ⅲ）还原性能明显优于普通活性污泥,在兼性厌氧与严格厌氧条件下,分别是普通活性污泥的1.87倍和1.76倍;碳源对生物铁泥的Fe（Ⅲ）还原影响较小,而对普通活性污泥的Fe（Ⅲ）还原过程呈现出较明显的负影响;在实验控制的兼氧/厌氧条件下,2种活性污泥厌氧条件下Fe（Ⅲ）还原能力均大于兼氧条件。为活性污泥Fe（Ⅲ）还原过程的工程实际应用提供了理论依据。     

Cd、Pb复合污染下柠檬酸对龙葵修复效率及抗氧化酶的影响

植物修复土壤重金属被普遍认为是清洁、经济的生物修复方法。为了提高生物修复土壤重金属污染的效率,在室内盆栽实验中添加柠檬酸作为螯合剂促进龙葵对重金属的吸收,并研究其生理活性的变化。结果表明:当添加柠檬酸浓度为10 nmol/kg时,龙葵生物量显著提高(P<0.05),各部分生物量表现为:茎>叶>根;随着柠檬酸浓度的增加,龙葵对重金属Cd的吸收量显著(P<0.05)增加,在10 nmol时总吸收量最大,为229.85μg/g DW;龙葵对Cd、Pb的富集系数均在柠檬酸浓度为5 nmol/kg时达到最大;Pb吸收量随柠檬酸浓度增加表现出先增大后减小的趋势;添加柠檬酸促进了龙葵对Cd的吸收,增强了抗氧化酶活性,而对Pb的吸收效果不明显。     

Adsorption and redox reactions of heavy metals on synthesized Mn oxide minerals

Several Mn oxide minerals commonly occurring in soils were synthesized by modified or optimized methods. The morphologies, structures, compositions and surface properties of the synthesized Mn oxide minerals were characterized. Adsorption and redox reactions of heavy metals on these minerals in relation to the mineral structures and surface properties were also investigated. The synthesized birnessite, todorokite, cryptomelane, and hausmannite were single-phased minerals and had the typical morphologies from analyses of XRD and TEM/ED. The PZCs of the synthesized birnessite, todorokite and cryptomelane were 1.75, 3.50 and 2.10, respectively. The magnitude order of their surface variable negative charge was: birnessite> or =cryptomelane>todorokite. The hausmannite had a much higher PZC than others with the least surface variable negative charge. Birnessite exhibited the largest adsorption capacity on heavy metals Pb(2+), Cu(2+), Co(2+), Cd(2+) and Zn(2+), while hausmannite the smallest one. Birnessite, cryptomelane and todorokite showed the greatest adsorption capacity on Pb(2+) among the tested heavy metals. Hydration tendency (pK(1)) of the heavy metals and the surface variable charge of the Mn minerals had significant impacts on the adsorption. The ability in Cr(III) oxidation and concomitant release of Mn(2+) varied greatly depending on the structure, composition, surface properties and crystallinity of the minerals. The maximum amounts of Cr(III) oxidized by the Mn oxide minerals in order were (mmol/kg): birnessite (1330.0)>cryptomelane (422.6)>todorokite (59.7)>hausmannite (36.6).     

东北红豆杉植物地理学研究

总结了东北红豆杉的地理分布概况和分布区特点，绘制了分布图，以在我国境内分布区域的主导气象因子构成指示指标组建立了东北红豆杉自然地理分布模型，并通过实例证明了该模型的有效性。     

实验条件对固定化铁粉填料除Cr(Ⅵ)特性的影响

Fe0与Cr(Ⅵ)反应,Fe0极易团聚,利用率极低。通过运用海藻酸钠(SA)固定化铁粉(SAC)来克服Fe0易团聚、利用率低的缺陷。实验结果表明:固定化材料的应用能显著提高零价铁去除Cr(Ⅵ)的能力。FEI电镜扫描及EDX能谱分析结果表明,SA跟2价金属阳离子Ca2+交联形成孔隙结构,不仅为铁粉的附着提供了大量的吸附点位,还可使Cr(Ⅵ)进入到内部与铁粉反应。温度在10²0℃对固定化铁粉填料的除铬性能影响不大;摇床速率越快此填料除铬速率越快,但对Fe0的最终利用率影响不大;pH对填料除铬性能影响很大,酸性条件下去除率最高;此填料在一定程度上会提高含铬废水的pH,但最终都在中性范围波动。     

关于烟蒂环境危害及其管理措施的研究

烟蒂作为随处可见的丢弃物,已成为目前环境中数量最多的固体废物,所致污染日趋严重,但是常被忽视。近年来国外的相关研究报告表明烟蒂具有很强的危害性,但国内各界对烟蒂污染的关注较少。本研究通过系统分析了烟蒂毒性的来源,综述了国外关于烟蒂渗滤液毒性试验的结果,阐明了烟蒂对水生生态系统中代表性物种的危害,并总结了烟蒂的其他潜在环境危害,以呼吁国内各界引起对烟蒂污染和烟蒂危害的重视。最后,提出一些管理方面的建议以破解当前烟蒂的环境管理难题。