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311.
The photodegradation of methyltins, as environmental pollutants, has scarcely been studied so far because of the shortage of rapid and sensitive speciation methods, even though they have very simple structures. The photodegradation of monomethyltin trichloride (MMT), dimethyltin dichloride (DMT) and trimethyltin chloride (TMT) was studied with our new developed HPLC-FPD hyphenated system, which enables rapid and sensitive detection of methyltins. The half-life times and kinetic rate constants of their degradation at different pH were calculated. The results suggest that MMT, DMT and TMT can be degraded under the UV irradiation rapidly at different pH, with a degradation rate sequence of TMT相似文献
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314.
研究了树脂吸附法处理氯霉素生产中产生的DL 1 对硝基苯基 2 氨基 1 ,3 丙二醇 (DL 氨基物 )碱解废水的工艺。结果表明 ,NG 1 0 0超高交联吸附树脂对废水中DL 氨基物具有较好的吸附性能。在试验条件下 ,废水CODCr为 72 0 0mg/L ,DL 氨基物含量为 2 86 5mg/L ,批处理 1 7BV时 ,平均出水CODCr降至 89 3mg/L ,CODCr去除率 >98% ;出水中DL 氨基物未检出 ,去除率近 1 0 0 %。树脂经稀酸脱附处理后 ,再生性能良好 ,高浓脱附液可直接回用于氯霉素生产酸性水解工艺中 ,使回收物得到有效利用 相似文献
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316.
海藻酸钠固定化包埋微生物处理有机微污染源水 总被引:28,自引:0,他引:28
以黄浦江水为处理源水 ,将筛选出的菌种用海藻酸钠为载体进行固定化包埋 ;对间歇式处理体系中菌体浓度 ,处理温度以及起始 TOC浓度对有机物降解效果的影响进行实验 .结果表明 ,菌体浓度为 1g/L~2g/L,处理温度为 20℃时 ,包埋颗粒性状保持较好 ,对源水中起始浓度在 10mg/L~15mg/L之间的 TOC具有20%~30%的降解率 ;温度升高 ,明显缩短颗粒使用寿命 ;而菌体浓度增加对处理效果没有增强作用 .另外 ,以菌 TD2和 TD4包埋颗粒为例 ,测试发现经 48h处理 ,其对源水中浓度为53.4μg/L酚具有 90%左右的降解率 . 相似文献
317.
薄隔水层井筒底板突水的突变模型 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在薄板理论的基础上,建立了立井井筒底板突水的突变模型。运用突变理论的分析方法,求得了井筒底板隔水层的最小理论安全厚度,这与典型案例实际情况基本相符。论文根据在大涨落存在的前提下突变发生所遵循的Maxw ell规则,对理论值和实际值的偏差作了合理的解释,还提出了解决该偏差的一种近似计算方法。所进行的研究工作,为井筒突水的预测及确定隔水层的安全厚度,提供一种新的理论方法和途径。 相似文献
318.
Water-soluble organic matter(WSOM) represents a critical fraction of fine particles(PM_(2.5))in the air, but its changing behaviors and formation mechanisms are not well understood yet, partly due to the lack of fast techniques for the ambient measurements. In this study,a novel system for the on-line measurement of water-soluble components in PM_(2.5), the particle-into-liquid sampler(PILS)–Nebulizer–aerosol chemical speciation monitor(ACSM), was developed by combining a PILS, a nebulizer, and an ACSM. High time resolution concentrations of WSOM, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and chloride, as well as mass spectra, can be obtained with satisfied quality control results. The system was firstly applied in China for field measurement of WSOM. The mass spectrum of WSOM was found to resemble that of oxygenated organic aerosol, and WSOM agreed well with secondary inorganic ions. All evidence collected in the field campaign demonstrated that WSOM could be a good surrogate of secondary organic aerosol(SOA). The PILS–Nebulizer–ACSM system can thus be a useful tool for intensive study of WSOM and SOA in PM_(2.5). 相似文献
319.
Effects of residual organics in municipal wastewater on hydrogenotrophic denitrifying microbial communities 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wei Xing Jinlong Li Peng Li Chong Wang Yanan Cao Desheng Li Yunfeng Yang Jizhong Zhou Jiane Zuo 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(3):262-270
Hydrogenotrophic denitrification is promising for tertiary nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater. To reveal the influence of residual organics in municipal wastewater on hydrogenotrophic denitrifiers, we adopted high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to examine microbial communities in hydrogenotrophic denitrification enrichments. Using effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant as water source, COD, nitrate and pH were controlled the same except for a gradient of biodegradable carbon (i.e., primary effluent (PE), secondary effluent (SE), or combined primary and secondary effluent (CE)). Inorganic synthetic water (IW) was used as a control. Hydrogenophaga, a major facultative autotroph, accounted for 17.1%, 5.3%, 32.7% and 12.9% of the sequences in PE, CE, SE and IW, respectively, implicating that Hydrogenophaga grew well with or without organics. Thauera, which contains likely obligate autotrophic denitrifiers, appeared to be the most dominant genera (23.6%) in IW and accounted for 2.5%, 4.6% and 8.9% in PE, CE and SE, respectively. Thermomonas, which is related to heterotrophic denitrification, accounted for 4.2% and 7.9% in PE and CE fed with a higher content of labile organics, respectively. In contrast, Thermomonas was not detected in IW and accounted for only 0.6% in SE. Our results suggest that Thermomonas are more competitive than Thauera in hydrogenotrophic denitrification with biodegradable organics. Moreover, facultative autotrophic denitrifiers, Hydrogenophaga, are accommodating to residual organic in effluent wastewater, thus we propose that hydrogenotrophic denitrification is amenable for tertiary nitrogen removal. 相似文献
320.
Guofang Zhai Teruki Fukuzono Saburo Ikeda 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2006,42(4):863-875
ABSTRACT: This paper provides a framework for analyzing flood fatalities and injuries, and it describes the derivation of a generalized flood risk (i.e., flood consequences and their probabilities) function by introducing an integrated index (the number of residential buildings affected by a flood) that represents the major change in the power relation among the flood intensity, regional vulnerability, and resilience. Both the probabilities and the numbers of fatalities and injuries clearly increase significantly after the flood severity (in terms of the number of inundated buildings) passes a branch point. Below the branch point, it is still possible for fatalities and injuries to occur because of the variability in the data and the uncertainty in the predicted fatality values. The empirical models of fatalities and injuries due to floods in Japan suggested the usefulness in predicting fatalities and injuries and evaluating the efficacy of the warning or other emergency response measures. 相似文献