Pretreatment of cyanided tailings by catalytic ozonation with Mn2+/O3

The increasing amount of cyanided tailings produced as a by-product has gained significant attention in recent years because of the rapid development of the gold industry and extensive exploitation of gold mineral resources. The effective use of these secondary resources is becoming an important and urgent problem for all environmental protection staff. Manganese-catalyzed ozonation for the pre-oxidation of cyanided tailings was studied and the effects of Mn2+dosage, initial sulfuric acid concentration, ozone volume flow, temperature and agitation speed on pretreatment were examined. The optimum reaction conditions were observed to be: ore pulp density 2.5%, agitation speed 700 r/min,temperature 60°C, Mn2+dosage 40 g/L, ozone volume flow 80 L/hr, initial sulfuric acid concentration 1 mol/L, and reaction time 6 hr. Under these conditions, the leaching rate of Fe and weight loss could reach 94.85% and 48.89% respectively. The leaching process of cyanided tailings by Mn2+/O3 was analyzed, and it was found that the leaching of pyrite depends on synergetic oxidation by high-valent manganese and O3, in which the former played an important part.     

Antibiotic resistome mostly relates to bacterial taxonomy along a suburban transmission chain

• The α-diversities of resistome were lower in manure and compost than in soils. • There were significant correlations between the resistome and bacterial taxonomy. • Bacterial taxonomy was the highest in explaining resistome variances. Antibiotic resistance genes comprising antibiotic resistome are of great concern due to their increase in the environment. Recent evidence of shared resistomes between soils and animal husbandry has imposed potential risks to human health. However, the correlation between a given community’s resistome and bacterial taxonomic composition is controversial. Here, a transmission chain of resistomes from swine manure to compost and compost-amended soil were analyzed in five suburban areas of Beijing, China, with unamended agricultural soils as control soils. Antibiotic resistomes and bacterial taxonomic compositions were distinct between (I) manure and compost; and (II) compost-amended and control soils. In manure, compost, and compost-amended soils, the β-diversity of the resistome and bacterial taxonomic composition was significantly correlated, while no correlation was detected in control soils. Bacterial taxonomic composition explained 36.0% of total variations of the resistome composition, much higher than environmental factors. Together, those results demonstrated that antibiotic resistome was closely related to bacterial taxonomic composition along the suburban transmission chain.     

Effects of Fe(II) on anammox community activity and physiologic response

• 0.12 mmol/L Fe(II) enhanced the total anammox activity and bacterial abundance best. • 0.09 mmol/L Fe(II) led to the best performance on relative anammox activity. • 0.75 mmol/L Fe(II) had an immediate but recoverable inhibition on anammox activity. • More genes but not relative level were expressed at higher Fe(II) concentration. Though there are many literatures studying the effects of iron on anammox process, these studies only focus on the reactor performance and/or the microbial community changes, the detailed effects and mechanisms of Fe(II) on anammox bacterial activity and physiology have not been explored. In this study, four Fe(II) concentrations (0.03, 0.09, 0.12 and 0.75 mmol/L) were employed into the enriched anammox culture. The enhancement and inhibition effects of Fe(II) on anammox process and bacterial physiology were investigated. It was discovered that the anammox process and bacterial growth were enhanced by 0.09 and 0.12 mmol/L Fe(II), in which the 0.12 mmol/L Fe(II) had advantage in stimulating the total anammox activity and bacterial abundance, while 0.09 mmol/L Fe(II) enhanced the relative anammox activity better. The anammox activity could be inhibited by 0.75 mmol/L Fe(II) immediately, while the inhibition was recoverable. Both 0.09 and 0.12 mmol/L Fe(II) induced more genes being expressed, while didn’t show a stimulation on the relative expression level of functional genes. And anammox bacteria showed a stress response to detoxify the Fe inhibition once inhibited by 0.75 mmol/L Fe(II). This study provides more information about physiologic response of anammox bacteria to external influence (enhancement and inhibition), and may also instruct the future application of anammox process in treating various sources of wastewater (containing external disturbances such as heavy metals) and/or different treatment strategies (e.g. from side-stream to main-stream).     

径迹法累积测定室内外氡浓度

使用ＣＲ－３９探测器和探杯型氡监测器,对本所办公楼地下室及办公室内外氡浓度进行了２－６个月春夏秋冬不同季节的累积测定。对收集后的ＣＲ－３９随机扫描读数方式对结果的影响做了比较。结果表明地下室氡浓度高于其他层,室内高于室外。除个别情况外,随机扫描的影响在统计涨落范围内。     

用城市污水处理厂剩余污泥制备脱硝催化剂

以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料,采用氧化锌和硝酸铁化学浸渍、高温热解制备脱除NOx的催化剂。用微型气固相催化反血装置考察了该催化剂在NH3选择性催化还原NO中的应用效果及寿命。实验结果表明：存350～450℃时的催化活性较高,在400℃时NO的最大转化率可达98．3％;催化剂的活性良好,经660min的活性测试,催化剂的活性只降低了约3％。对该催化刹进行了X射线衍射、热重和扫描电镜分析,分析结果表明,该催化剂含有丰富的金属元素及碳元袤,具有丰富的孔结构和晶体结构,而且表面及孔隙间负载的活性粒子较多,这些特征也表叫该催化刺具订良好的催化忡能。     

降雨径流时农田沟渠水体中氮、磷迁移转化规律研究

为有效阻控降雨条件下农田土壤流失氮、磷通过沟渠进入水体,通过对降雨时农田排水沟渠系统中总氮、总磷的测定和分析,研究降雨径流下沟渠系统水体中氮、磷的迁移转化规律和时空分布.结果表明,农田排水沟渠系统本身不太稳定,在外界条件(降雨)的作用下可以引起一系列的变化,同时农田排水沟渠系统又具有抗冲击可修复能力,可以使氮、磷的各项转化作用恢复.该特征使得总氮、总磷在沿程迁移过程中表现出一定的变化规律:总氮浓度沿程呈3次多项式曲线变化,总磷浓度整体呈指数递减变化;同时各断面的总氮、总磷自身转化也有其降解规律,总氮和总磷浓度随时间均呈3次多项式曲线变化.     

AUSTAL2000在恶臭污染环境影响评估中的应用研究

运用德国AUSTAL2000模型对某化工项目周边400 km2的矩形区域和36个环境敏感点NH3、H2 S浓度和恶臭发生频率进行了模拟计算,分析了该项目恶臭污染的影响程度和范围,并对各排放源的计算结果进行了对比分析.结果表明,预测范围内NH3、H2 S只有小时浓度最大值超标,占标率分别为139%和120%,超标面积分别为0.16 km2和0.13 km2,但恶臭发生频率超标较严重,最大值达到了86.7%,超标面积达40.8 km2;环境敏感点NH3、H2 S浓度均未超标,恶臭发生频率也仅有两个点位的最大值略高于标准限值;与面源的无组织排放相比,采取排气筒的排放方式可以明显降低周边区域污染物浓度和恶臭发生频率,减少恶臭污染面积.     

微生物异化Fe（Ⅲ）还原在环境污染治理中的应用及其发展前景

微生物异化Fe（Ⅲ）还原是指以Fe（Ⅲ）为末端电子受体在无氧条件下氧化有机物的产能过程,而铁元素是地壳中丰度最高的元素之一,因此,异化Fe（Ⅲ）还原在生物地球化学循环中起着重要的作用。文章围绕异化Fe（Ⅲ）还原机制,综述了国内外有关异化Fe（Ⅲ）还原在有机污染物（尤其是难降解有机污染物）、营养物质（N,P）等环境污染治理中的研究现状及其发展趋势,并对其进行了评述和展望,以期为特定污染物在环境污染治理中的实际应用提供参考依据。     

城市污水处理厂污泥资源化利用技术进展

针对目前污水厂污泥传统处理方法存在的不足与弊端 ,提出污泥资源化利用技术是今后污泥最终处置的根本方式 ,并就目前研究的污泥热解制油技术、制取燃料技术、堆肥土地利用技术和热解制取吸附剂技术等主要的资源化利用技术进行了综述。     

基于原位被动采样技术研究巢湖沉积物和水体中PAHs的垂直分布及其界面交换

沉积物-水体界面处分子扩散是污染物的一个重要地球化学过程,也是判断沉积物是否为上层水体中污染物汇或源的主要依据.本研究利用低密度聚乙烯膜(LDPE)为吸附相的原位被动采样器,同步确定了巢湖西半湖南淝河入湖口处不同深度的上层水体和沉积物孔隙水中13种多环芳烃(PAHs)浓度,并计算了它们在沉积物-水体界面的分子扩散通量.结果表明,3种性能参考化合物(PRCs)在上层水体中的解析速率较沉积物孔隙水中大,相应地,水体中LDPE膜对PAHs的吸附速率高于沉积物孔隙水.水体中13种PAHs总浓度(130～250 ng·L~(-1))低于沉积物孔隙水(180～253 ng·L~(-1)),且均以低环PAHs为主.2～3环PAHs浓度在上层水体中无明显的垂直变化,但4～6环PAHs浓度呈现随深度增加而降低的趋势.沉积物孔隙水中PAHs浓度的垂直变化规律反映了历史强排放过程.研究区域PAHs在沉积物-水体界面的交换通量变化范围为-384～1445 ng·m~(-2)·d~(-1),除Flu和Pyr外,其它PAHs均从沉积物向水体释放,反映了底部沉积物是上层水体中PAHs的重要二次污染源.