封闭景观水体的表观污染机制研究

良好的表观性状是城市水体发挥景观功能的基本条件,现今封闭景观水体的表观受污染严重。以景观园林师陶园内的封闭水体为研究对象,进行为期半年的现场观察和水质监测,运用吸收光谱法研究了水体表观污染的历程,并进行了表观污染指数(SPI)及环境因子间的相关性分析以了解表观污染机制。研究发现,封闭水体的表观污染程度随季节变化明显,SPI与温度(T)、浊度、腐殖酸(UV254)、叶绿素a(Chl-a)均显著正相关,与溶解氧(DO)显著负相关,相关系数分别为0.786、0.951、0.595、0.849、-0.699。结果表明,植物残体的腐烂分解以及浮萍和藻类的竞争性生长会导致水体颜色和浊度异常,甚至出现发黑发臭的严重表观污染现象。     

天津市环境空气中恶臭感官定量评价分析

为研究环境空气恶臭污染特征,以天津市区为研究区域,分别在夏秋两季对天津市内六区的环境空气中恶臭感官浓度进行了监测。结果显示,在观测期间臭气浓度在限值（以《恶臭污染物排放标准》厂界臭气浓度限值20作为参照）范围以内的样品数量夏季占63％,而秋季占18％;通过多元线性回归方法建立了典型恶臭污染物与恶臭感官浓度的定量表达式,计算出典型恶臭污染物对市区环境空气的臭气浓度贡献率占59％。通过对实测值与预测值的拟合情况的分析,表明该回归方程可以较好的预测天津市环境空气中夏季恶臭感官浓度。     

Observations of Atmospheric Nitrogen and Phosphorus Deposition During the Period of Algal Bloom Formation in Northern Lake Taihu,China

Cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Taihu occurred at the end of April 2007 and had crucial impacts on the livelihood of millions of people living there. Excessive nutrients may promote bloom formation. Atmospheric nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deposition appears to play an important role in algal bloom formation. Bulk deposition and rain water samples were collected respectively from May 1 to November 30, 2007, the period of optimal algal growth, to measure the bulk atmospheric deposition rate, wet deposition rate, and dry deposition rate for total nitrogen (TN; i.e., all species of nitrogen), and total phosphorus (TP; i.e., all species of phosphorus), in northern Lake Taihu, China. The trends of the bulk atmospheric deposition rate for TN and the wet deposition rate for TN showed double peaks during the observation period and distinct influence with plum rains and typhoons. Meanwhile, monthly bulk atmospheric deposition rates for TP showed little influence of annual precipitation. However, excessive rain may lead to high atmospheric N and P deposition rates. In bulk deposition samples, the average percentage of total dissolved nitrogen accounting for TN was 91.2% and changed little with time. However, the average percentage of total dissolved phosphorus accounting for TP was 65.6% and changed substantially with time. Annual bulk atmospheric deposition rates of TN and TP during 2007 in Lake Taihu were estimated to be 2,976 and 84 kg km⁻² a⁻¹, respectively. The results showed decreases of 34.4% and 78.7%, respectively, compared to 2002–2003. Annual bulk deposition load of TN for Lake Taihu was estimated at 6,958 t a⁻¹ in 2007 including 4,642 t a⁻¹ of wet deposition, lower than the values obtained in 2002–2003. This may be due to measures taken to save energy and emission control regulations in the Yangtze River Delta. Nevertheless, high atmospheric N and P deposition loads helped support cyanobacterial blooms in northern Lake Taihu during summer and autumn, the period of favorable algal growth.     

农田土壤温室气体产生机制及影响因素研究进展

农田土壤通过微生物呼吸、植物根系呼吸和土壤动物呼吸,释放大量温室气体,成为大气中主要温室气体(CO2、CH4和N2O)的重要来源.文章在阐述土壤温室气体产生机制的基础上,着重从土壤生物、土壤理化性质(主要包括温湿度、有机质、pH、Eh、土壤质地等)、水肥管理及耕作措施等角度对农田土壤温室气体释放的影响进行了综述,对土壤温室气体的减排措施进行了总结,并就今后农田土壤温室气体的研究重点和方向进行了展望.     

黑道凶日研究

本文提出的优势期和优势值是灾害年内出现机会最多的日期和强度，其中优势期就是黑道凶日。统计表明，黑道凶日位于节气日和节气之间的黄金分割日及其附近，在时空分布上具有许多特点。     

Air pollution and urban road transport: evidence from the world’s largest low-emission zone in London

Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - Low-emission zones (LEZs) have been implemented widely in Europe to tackle air pollution sourced from vehicular emissions. We quantify the effectiveness...     

岷—沱江汞环境背景值研究

本文介绍了用冷原子荧光法测定岷—沱江原水(总汞)、过滤水(溶解性汞)、悬浮物(悬浮态汞)及沉积物中汞含量。方法检测限为0.004μg/l。经选用W检验、Vistelius置信带法和偏度、峰度法联合进行汞含量分布类型检验,综合判断、研究得出岷—沱江水系河水中汞背景值(总量)为0.25μg/l,汞主要以溶解态存在于水体中,沉积物中汞背景值为0.018mg/kg。岷—沱江水系汞背景值无论与国内各水系还是同世界河流水平相比,均处于相同和较低水平。     

模糊综合评价法在水质变化和水体管理中的应用

应用模糊数学中的模糊综合评价法，对徐州市的地面水体的水质变化趋势进行了探讨，结果表明模糊综合评价法能及时发现水质恶化现象，对水体的管理具有指导作用．     

危险化学品活性反应危害及混配危险的规则研究（XIII）

非金属氢化物具有EHn活性基刚，大多数挥发性氢化物的最低爆炸氰浓度几乎是零。因此，在处理非金属氢化物时，全部除掉空气或氧气对安全操作是重要的。在氢化混合物中有杂质时会更进一步增加着火的危险。值得强调的是：硫化氢不仅与空气混合能形成爆炸性混合物，而遇明火、高热且能引起燃烧或爆炸。     

多元素分析器分析砷遇到的问题与方法改进

依据新银盐分光光度法的基本原理,使用多元素分析器准确测定水体中砷的含量会遇到一些问题,如砷标准使用液浓度,吸收液配制,U型管DMF混合液加入量,脱脂棉装入U型管松紧程度,反应水样酸度,反应/吸收装置的致密性和一致性以及使用玻璃器皿的洗涤等,如果这些操作步骤不当都会给测定结果带来一定的误差,为了尽量减少这些误差,分析者对该项目测定方法作了一些探讨和改进,收到了良好的成效.