Since the solubilization of meat and bone meal (MBM) is a prerequisite in many MBM disposal approaches, enhancement of the
solubilization by means of thermochemical pretreatment was investigated in this study at two temperatures (55°C and 131°C)
and six sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 g/L). The MBM volatile solid (VS) reduction ratio
was up to 66% and 70% at 55°C and 131°C, respectively. At the same temperature, the VS reduction ratio increased with the
increase in the dosage of NaOH. The study on the methane (CH4) production potential of pretreated MBM shows that the addition of NaOH at 55°C did not cause the inhibition of the succeeding
CH4 production process. However, CH4 production was inhibited by the addition of NaOH at 131°C. The CH4 production potential was in the range of 389 to 503 mL CH4/g VS MBM and 464 to 555 mL CH4/g VS MBM at 55°C and 131°C, respectively. 相似文献
Natural zeolite was modified by loading cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) to create more e cient sites for humic acid (HA) adsorption.
The natural and CPB modified zeolites were characterized with X-ray di raction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The e ects of various experimental parameters such as contact time, initial HA
concentration, solution pH and coexistent Ca2+, upon HA adsorption onto CPB modified zeolites were evaluated. The results showed
that natural zeolite had negligible a nity for HA in aqueous solutions, but CPB modified zeolites exhibited high adsorption e ciency
for HA. A higher CPB loading on natural zeolites exhibited a larger HA adsorption capacity. Acidic pH and coexistent Ca2+ were
proved to be favorable for HA adsorption onto CPB modified zeolite. The kinetic process was well described by pseudo second-order
model. The experimental isotherm data fitted well to Langmuir and Sips models. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of CPB
modified zeolite with surfactant bilayer coverage was found to be 92.0 mg/g. 相似文献
Surfactant-modified natural zeolites (SMNZ) with different coverage types were prepared by loading hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium
bromide (HTAB) onto the surface of a natural zeolite. The adsorption behavior of humic acid (HA) on SMNZ was investigated.
Results indicate that the adsorbent SMNZ exhibited a higher affinity toward HA than the natural zeolite. HA removal efficiency
by SMNZ increased with HTAB loading. Coexisting Ca2+ in solution favored HA adsorption onto SMNZ. Adsorption capacity decreased with an increasing solution pH. For typical SMNZ
with bilayer HTAB coverage, HA adsorption process is well described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The experimental
isotherm data fitted well with the Langmuir model. Calculated maximum HA adsorption capacities for SMNZ with bilayer HTAB
coverage at pH 5.5 and 7.5 were 63 and 41 mg·g−1, respectively. E2/E3 (absorbance at 250 nm to that at 365 nm) and E4/E6 (absorbance at 465 nm to that at 665 nm) ratios of
the residual HA in solution were lower than that of the original HA solution. This indicates that the HA fractions with high
polar functional groups, low molecular weight (MW), and aromaticity had a stronger tendency for adsorption onto SMNZ with
bilayer HTAB coverage. Results show that HTAB-modified natural zeolite is a promising adsorbent for removal of HA from aqueous
solution. 相似文献
Microbial communities are important for high composting efficiency and good quality composts. This study was conducted to compare the changes of physicochemical and bacterial characteristics in composting from different raw materials, including chicken manure (CM), duck manure (DM), sheep manure (SM), food waste (FW), and vegetable waste (VW). The role and interactions of core bacteria and their contribution to maturity in diverse composts were analyzed by advanced bioinformatics methods combined sequencing with co-occurrence network and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results indicated that there were obviously different bacterial composition and diversity in composting from diverse sources. FW had a low pH and different physiochemical characteristics compared to other composts but they all achieved similar maturity products. Redundancy analysis suggested total organic carbon, phosphorus, and temperature governed the composition of microbial species but key factors were different in diverse composts. Network analysis showed completely different interactions of core bacterial community from diverse composts but Thermobifida was the ubiquitous core bacteria in composting bacterial network. Sphaerobacter and Lactobacillus as core genus were presented in the starting mesophilic and thermophilic phases of composting from manure (CM, DM, SM) and municipal solid waste (FW, VW), respectively. SEM indicated core bacteria had the positive, direct, and the biggest (>?80%) effects on composting maturity. Therefore, this study presents theoretical basis to identify and enhance the core bacteria for improving full-scale composting efficiency facing more and more organic wastes.