饮用水生物处理中微生物量和活性的测定方法

微生物量和微生物活性是饮用水生物处理工艺设计与运行的重要参数。总结论述了适用于表示饮用水生物处理过程生物膜中微生物数量和活性的几种主要指标的测定方法。     

无污泥持留序批式预处理反应器渗滤液预处理的正交试验研究

以黑石子垃圾填埋场渗滤液强化预处理-生物接触氧化为依托,针对其处理效果的局限性,研究无污泥持留序批式预处理(WSIP)反应器正交试验,旨在优化运行参数,提高低温期间渗滤液处理效果.实验表明,COD、NH 4-N、TN去除率较高,出水可生化性较好;优化碳氮质量比,为后续好氧微生物降解创造条件;曝气时间、HRT、进水磷浓度、序批周期对NH 4-N、TN去除效果影响显著;低温期间,获得较好出水水质的最佳运行参数为曝气时间9h、HRT4d、进水磷质量浓度50mg/L、序批周期6h.     

Potentially toxic metal contamination of urban soils and roadside dust in Shanghai, China

A detailed investigation was conducted to understand the contamination characteristics of a selected set of potentially toxic metals in Shanghai. The amount of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd and Ni were determined from 273 soil/dust samples collected within urban area. The results indicated that concentration of all metals except Ni in soils was significant, and metal pollution was even severer in roadside dust. A series of metal spatial distribution maps were created through geostatistical analysis, and the pollution hotspots tended to associate with city core area, major road junctions, and the regions close to industrial zones. In attempt of identifying the source of metals through geostatistical and multivariate statistical analyses, it was concluded as follows: Pb, Zn and Cu mainly originated from traffic contaminants; soil Ni was associated with natural concentration; Cd largely came from point-sourced industrial pollution; and Cr, Ni in dust were mainly related to atmospheric deposition.     

竹炭-微生物联合法对沼液中氨氮的去除

采用竹炭-微生物联合法,考察了竹炭用量、菌液用量、进水氨氮浓度、pH、DO、HRT等因素对氨氮废水处理效果的影响;同时采用对比实验,初步探讨了竹炭-微生物联合法处理沼液的作用机理。结果表明,竹炭-微生物法去除沼液氨氮的最优条件推荐为:竹炭用量30 g/L,微生物活性液用量3%,pH 7.0～8.0,DO为2 mg/L,HRT为48 h。竹炭-微生物法对沼液氨氮的去除过程可用一级反应动力学模型C=272.56e-0.0148描述,其去除效果来源于竹炭吸附和生物降解的协同作用,协同程度为48.45%。     

土壤-纳滤系统处理再生水补充地下水的研究

为充分保障再生水回灌地下时的水质安全、提供高质量地下水资源,在土壤处理系统中嵌入纳滤技术强化对再生水的处理效果,并初步探讨土壤系统作为前处理对纳滤膜污染的控制机理.结果表明,未采用臭氧氧化预处理前,土壤处理对再生水DOC和UV254的平均去除率分别为22%和20%.臭氧氧化对UV254的平均去除率为51%,并将土壤对D...     

不同曝气方式下SBR亚硝化的实现及NO2--N积累效果

研究不同曝气方式下亚硝化的实现以及基质浓度、曝气频率和温度对NO-2-N积累效果的影响。以实际污泥脱水液为研究对象,控制进水NH+4-N浓度在50~80 mg/L范围内,温度为27℃,pH值为7.8~8.2,DO浓度为0.5~1.0mg/L,分别采用连续曝气和间歇曝气2种方式启动SBR亚硝化反应器,并考察了在不同基质浓度、曝气频率和温度条件下NO-2-N累积情况。实验研究结果表明,经过40 d左右的运行,在2种不同曝气方式下SBR均成功实现了亚硝化,稳定运行阶段,NO-2-N积累率分别达到95%和85%。经SEM扫描电镜观察发现,在驯化成熟的活性污泥中,亚硝化细菌多呈球状和杆状,大小不同,外形饱满。当进水氨氮浓度小于200 mg/L,曝气频率为曝气15 min/停曝15 min,温度为27℃时,NO-2-N积累效果最佳,平均积累率可达90%以上。间歇曝气可以有效促进亚硝化细菌富集,有利于实现较高浓度的NO-2-N积累。基质浓度、曝气频率和温度对NO-2-N积累效果的影响显著。     

Comparative quantification of oxygen release by wetland plants: electrode technique and oxygen consumption model

Understanding oxygen release by plants is important to the design of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. Lab-scale systems planted with Phragmites australis were studied to evaluate the amount of oxygen release by plants using electrode techniques and oxygen consumption model. Oxygen release rate (0.14 g O₂/m²/day) measured using electrode techniques was much lower than that (3.94–25.20 gO₂/m²/day) calculated using the oxygen consumption model. The results revealed that oxygen release by plants was significantly influenced by the oxygen demand for the degradation of pollutants, and the oxygen release rate increased with the rising of the concentration of degradable materials in the solution. The summary of the methods in qualifying oxygen release by wetland plants demonstrated that variations existed among different measuring methods and even in the same measuring approach. The results would be helpful for understanding the contribution of plants in constructed wetlands toward actual wastewater treatment.     

应用地质累积指数评价攀枝花地区土壤重金属污染

应用地质累积指数对攀枝花地区昔格达组粘土中重金属污染进行了评价研究。结果表明，各重金属元素污染较严重的地区分布在宝顶煤矿、太平煤矿、攀钢冶钢厂、攀钢矿山、尾矿坝等工矿区，污染较轻微的地区分布在红格、新九等农业区。各元素的污染程度上看，该区As和Cu污染较重，Cd,Pb,Zn次之，而Cr污染最轻微。     

利用生物操纵与人工湿地技术改善新建大房郢水库水质的实践

2005～2006年,在蓄水初期的大房郢水库采用投放滤食性鱼类鱼种、移殖螺、蚌、浅水区移植沉水植物、上游湿地扩大香蒲生长面积、消落区以上范围栽培杨树林和防护带等生物操纵与人工湿地技术相结合的方法改善水质的研究,结果表明：自2005年以来,该水库未再出现过蓝藻水华,水体富营养化得到了有效控制,水质已基本稳定在中-富营养型水平。由此认为,利用生物操纵与人工湿地技术结合为改善大房郢水库水质发挥了重要作用。