Roles of manganese oxides in degradation of phenol under UV-Vis irradiation: Adsorption, oxidation, and photocatalysis

The effect of crystal structure on photocatalytic activities of manganese oxides and underlying reaction mechanism were investigated.     

交通拥堵环境下的隔声、降噪措施改进与研究

噪声污染有局部性特点,现阶段城市内噪声污染的根源主要集中于汽车噪音,在交通拥堵的环境下,对声音进行隔断降噪十分必要。不同环境下的噪声评价方法各有不同,但归根结底,任何噪声污染事件由噪声源、传声途径和接收者三个主要部分组成。在交通拥堵环境下对噪声源和传声途径两个角度对声音进行降噪是当前隔声降噪的主措施。因此,提出对车辆的组装结构和行车路线进行改进、在汽车制造过程中采用具有良好隔声、吸声效果的材料进行降噪。并结合实例进行调查分析,针对日趋严重的城市交通拥堵导致的噪声污染问题,对噪声进行了预测分析,并针对实际情况提出一种新的隔声屏障降噪模式并进行仿真实验分析。     

碳氮比对厨余垃圾堆肥腐熟度的影响

以厨余垃圾和玉米秸秆作为堆肥原料,采用好氧堆肥的方法,探讨了不同C/N比对堆肥腐熟度的影响。结果表明:从温度、pH、电导率(EC)、腐植酸光学特性(E4/E6)、固相C/N和发芽率指数(GI)来看,只有C/N为21(T4)的处理没有达到无害化和腐熟的要求,其余3个处理均达到腐熟;建议采用C/N为17的方案,厨余垃圾和秸秆按照湿基质量9∶1的比例进行堆肥;如果秸秆资源比较丰富,可采用C/N为19的方案,此时厨余垃圾和秸秆湿基比例为5.7∶1。     

WASP水质模型在辽河干流污染减排模拟中的应用

运用WASP模型对辽河流域实施水质改善方案后水质的变化进行模拟,以辽河干流铁岭段水质指标COD为例,结合流域污染削减目标寻求合理的减排任务分配方案。结果袁明：根据不同季节灵活地分配减排任务,辽河干漉铁岭段年削减COD1．74—2．49万吨可使其水质状况得到明显改善,迭到减排耳标。     

微絮凝-超滤技术处理城市污水厂出水研究

利用微絮凝超滤组合技术处理某城市污水厂二级出水,结果表明:各主要污染物指标优于城市杂用水水质标准,并能满足反渗透进水水质要求;采用微絮凝代替传统的絮凝方法节省了絮凝剂;同时结合不断向膜组件曝气以及膜清洗等措施控制膜污染,效果显著。     

废旧线路板回收的污染防治技术综述

废旧线路板回收不仅能够解决电子废弃物迅速增长带来的环境污染问题,而且可以实现资源再生利用,是中国当前鼓励发展的行业。线路板回收过程也将不可避免的带来一定环境污染问题。中国企业现阶段常用的线路板回收工艺主要包括机械物理法、湿法冶金、火法冶金、热解法等。废旧线路板的回收工艺不同,污染物产生特点也不同,企业应根据线路板回收工艺有针对性的选择污染防治措施。线路板回收过程中产生的废渣再利用应成为今后研究的重点。     

Effective adsorption of quadrivalent cerium by synthesized laurylsulfonate green rust in a central composite design

The layered laurylsulfonate intercalated green rust (lauryl-S GR) was synthesized to evaluate the influence of synthesis parameters and aqueous conditions on the adsorption of Ce^IV. The maximum adsorption capacity of 305.58 mg/g by lauryl-S GR was predictably obtained. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model was appropriate in fitting the whole uptake process in a weak acid environment. Three isotherm models including Langmuir, Freundlich, and Tempkin were all reliable in depicting the isotherm adsorption process. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of lauryl-S GR towards Ce^IV was 315.46 mg/g. Ce species including CeO and Ce₂O₃ besides CeO₂ were matched in the XPS distribution, directly indicating the reduction reaction brought by Fe^II in the GR occurred to hydrated Ce^IV ions during the adsorption. Nano-sized Ce particles attached to the lauryl-S GRs after the adsorption experiments were observed in the morphological characterization. Flocculated materials were formed on the surface of the lauryl-S GR at a pH of 7, which further reduced the active sites and disrupted the continuous uptake of Ce^IV to the lauryl-S GR. This study expands the application of GRs and supplies an ideal iron-based material for the construction of the affiliated recovery pathway to the traditional separation of Ce.     

化工企业风险可接受标准研究

分析归纳了一些国家和地区个体风险和社会风险,首次提出以人群自然死亡率为基础,确定个体风险制定的基础,把化工企业个体风险分为三类,分别为单个或少量暴露人员场所、居住类高密度场所和特别敏感的目标对应的个体风险,与国家安全生产监督管理总局规定危险化学品重大危险源产生的个体风险基本吻合.采用ALARP原则,合理确定社会风险并划分为不可接受区、尽可能降低区和风险可容许区.风险标准值的制定为企业风险管理和风险决策提供更加有意义的参考,也为化工企业开展定量风险评估提供技术支撑.     

Wastewater reclamation and reuse in China: Opportunities and challenges

The growing water stress both in terms of water scarcity and quality deterioration promotes the development of reclaimed water as a new water resource use. This paper reviewed wastewater reuse practices in China, and the opportunities and challenges of expanding reclaimed water use were analyzed. Rapid urbanization with the increasing of water demand and wastewater discharge provides an opportunity for wastewater reuse. The vast amount of wastewater discharge and low reclaimed water production mean that wastewater reuse still has a great potential in China. Many environmental and economic benefits and successful reclamation technologies also provide opportunities for wastewater reuse. In addition, the overall strategy in China is also encouraging for wastewater reuse. In the beginning stage of wastewater reclamation and reuse, there are many significant challenges to expand wastewater reuse in China including slow pace in adopting urban wastewater reuse programs, the establishment of integrated water resources management framework and guidelines for wastewater reuse programs, incoherent water quality requirements, the limited commercial development of reclaimed water and the strengthening of public awareness and cooperation among stakeholders.     

黑龙江省2006—2009年城市声环境质量状况及变化趋势分析

对黑龙江省13个市地2006年-2009年声环境质量的监测数据进行研究,分析了黑龙江省声环境质量状况及变化趋势。黑龙江省城市区域声环境质量主要处于较好和轻度污染状态;城市道路交通环境质量处于好和较好水平;城市各类功能区声环境质量,夜间超标现象仍很严重;交通噪声影响强度最大;社会生活噪声影响范围最广;改善声环境质量仍是今后一项主要工作。