沈阳市“十一五”固体废物污染防治

固体废物污染防治是“十一五”期间所面临环境保护的重要问题。本文针对固体废物产生及处置利用现状和存在的问题进行了分析,提出了对固体废物污染防治的措施。     

铁炭微电解法预处理浆纱废水的研究

研究了采用铁炭微电解法预处理浆纱废水.试验结果表明,经微电解处理后的废水,COD的去除率达到67.2%,BOD5/COD从0.07提高到0.32,废水的可生化性得到显著提高.通过正交试验考察pH、反应时间及铁炭对比处理效果的影响,并对各因素作了单因素影响试验,确定了最佳工艺条件.     

解析家庭消费模式——促进可持续发展

文章基于可持续发展的前提,提出当前影响经济可持续发展的消费行为已经逐步转变为家庭个体为主的消费模式;对家庭消费的重要性及其对环境所造成的压力进行分析;最后通过对国内三大城市消费情况研究了影响家庭消费模式驱动力,并在此基础上提出了构建中国可持续家庭消费模式的措施.     

电厂噪声的监测与防治

噪声是环境污染的一个重要方面,它危害人体健康.电厂噪声也不容忽视,本文将对电厂噪声的监测和防治作一简要说明.根据规定,火电厂环境监测的监测项目为厂区、生活区环境噪声,在接近发电负荷时每年监测一次.监测时,在电厂总平面图上,将厂区生活区划分为等距离的网格.监测噪声的基本仪器是声级计.电厂噪声的防治措施有:在设计中充分考虑噪声的控制问题;加装消声设备;集中控制关键设备及位置的噪声;选择优质吸音与隔音材料;合理布置并增大绿化面积等.     

Effect of leachate recycling and inoculation on the biochemical characteristics of municipal refuse in landfill bioreactors

Activity development of key groups of enzymes involved in municipal refuse decomposition was measured in laboratory landfill bioreactors with and without leachate recycling and inoculation for about 210 days.The results showed that the enzymes(amylase,protease,cellulase,lipase and pectinase)were present in fresh refuse but at low values and positively affected by leachate recycling and refuse inoculation.The total average of cellulase activity in digesters D3 operated with leachate recycling but no inoculation,D4 and D5 operated with leachate recyling and inoculation was much higher than that in digesters D1 and D2 without leachate recycling and inoculation by 88%-127%,117%-162%and 64%-98%.The total average of protease activity was higher in digester D4 than that in digesters D1,D2,D3and D5 by 63%,39%,24%and 24%,respectively,and the positive effect of leachate recycling and inoculation on protease activity of landfilled refuse mainly was at the first two months.The total average of amylase activity was higher in digesters D3,D4 and D5 than that in digesters D1 and D2 by 83%-132%,96%-148%and 81%-129%.During the early phase of incubation,the stimulatory effect of inoculation on lipase activity was measured,but refuse moisture was the main factor affecting lipase activity of landfilled refuse.The inoculation,initial and continuous inoculation of microorganisms existing in leachate,was the mainly stimulatory factor affecting pectinase activity of landfilled refuse.     

邢台煤矿矿井水的综合治理及利用

随着开采深度及范围的扩大，邢台煤矿井下高压出水点越来越多，既浪费了大量的排水费用，又对岩溶水环境和水资源造成了严重破坏。针对上述情况，用四种不同的方法分别进行了封堵和重新利用，使矿井减少了４８０ｍ＾３／ｈ的无效排水，经济效益和环保效益均十分明显。     

佛山五峰垃圾填埋场封场后CH4等浓度变化特征

通过对垃圾填埋场设置监测井监测，讨论了垃丧填埋场封场后在内部温度，渗滤液的ＰＨ值及Ｏ２，ＣＨ４、ＣＯ２等气体浓度在时间上与空间上的变化，认为在不同到３ａ的时间五峰垃圾填埋场内部垃圾分解的程度就已达到整个分解过程听中后期，提出在高温高湿地区要充分利用ＣＨ４资源，必须尽快直埋尽快封场或边填埋边使用。     

SBR法处理麻生物脱胶废水的T艺实验研究St

采用SBR法处理麻生物脱胶废水，实验考察了溶解氧、曝气时间、污泥负荷与处理效果的关系。结果表明，在限制性曝气及COD     

Life cycle analysis and choice of natural gas-based automotive alternative fuels in Chongqing Municipality,China

Road transport produces significant amounts of emissions by using crude oil as the primary energy source. A reduction of emissions can be achieved by implementing alternative fuel chains. The objective of this study is to carry out an economic, environmental and energy (EEE) life cycle study on natural gas-based automotive fuels with conventional gasoline in an abundant region of China. A set of indices of four fuels/vehicle systems on the basis of life cycle are assessed in terms of impact of EEE, in which natural gas produces compressed natural gas (CNG), methanol, dimethylether (DME) and Fischer Tropsch diesel (FTD). The study included fuel production, vehicle production, vehicle operation, infrastructure and vehicle end of life as a system for each fuel/vehicle system. A generic gasoline fueled car is used as a baseline. Data have been reviewed and modified based on the best knowledge available to Chongqing local sources. Results indicated that when we could not change electric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles into commercial vehicles on a large scale, direct use of CNG in a dedicated or bi-fuel vehicle is an economical choice for the region which is most energy efficient and more environmental friendly. The study can be used to support decisions on how natural gas resources can best be utilized as a fuel/energy resource for automobiles, and what issues need to be resolved in Chongqing. The models and approaches for this study can be applied to other regions of China as long as all the assumptions are well defined and modified to find a substitute automotive energy source and establish an energy policy in a specific region.     

小康居住区的水环境与水质净化工程

分析了小康居住区水环境的含义，组成，并对居住区水质净化工程中3个热点问题（优质饮水，污水处理和中水回用等）进行了较深入的分析，建议小康居住区优质饮水供应以小区纯水站净化，管理输送至用户方式为主；不居住区的污水处理应分3种情况区别对待，在居住区污水处理达到排放标准的基础上，进一步处理回用，是经济合理的。