Promoting effect of vanadium on catalytic activity of Pt/Ce–Zr–O diesel oxidation catalysts

A series of Pt–V/Ce–Zr–O diesel oxidation catalysts was prepared using the impregnation method. The catalytic activity and sulfur resistance of Pt–V/Ce–Zr–O were investigated in the presence of simulated diesel exhaust. The effect of vanadium on the structure and redox properties of the catalysts was also investigated using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method,X-ray diffraction, H2temperature-programmed reduction, CO temperature-programmed desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. Results showed that the Pt particles were well dispersed on the Ce–Zr–O carrier through the vanadium isolation effect, which significantly improved the oxidation activity toward CO and hydrocarbons. An electron-withdrawing phenomenon occurred from V to Pt, resulting in an increase in the metallic nature of platinum, which was beneficial to hydrocarbon molecular activation.     

污水集中处理厂污水中金属(重金属)的分布

系统地建立集中污水处理装置是环境管理和污染治理的发展方向之一，在工业发达国家已相当普及，本文分析了美国和加拿大污水集中处理厂原污水和常用治理流程各工序中金属（重金属）的分布情况。结果表明，由于地理，气候，人口，特别是工业分布的影响，原污水中金属含量会有较大变化，因为变化范围大且超过排放标准2－10倍（按均值计），在设计和评价时应予化重点考虑的几种金属为：Cd,Cu,Cr,Pb,Ni和Zn，经典型的沉淀－活性污泥工艺处理后，金属除去率大于80％，可以满足排放要求。     

CALPUFF模型在大气环境容量测算中的应用研究

本研究利用CALPUFF空气质量扩散模式模拟了凉山州2007年气象场和s02浓度场,通过现状监测结果与模拟结果的比较评述了模型的适用性;并根据西昌市现状污染源和虚拟污染源情况,通过CALPUFF模拟建立大气污染物传递矩阵,结合线性优化模型测算了西昌市大气环境容量。     

辩证法看经济可持续发展与环境保护

文章阐述了环境保护与经济可持续发展的内涵,分析了二者的对立统一的辩证关系,并对如何让二者关系达到双赢提出了相关建议。     

氢气在化工装置中的安全使用与应急处理

介绍氢气的危险特性,指出使用和储运时应注意的安全事项,以保证化工装置氢气系统运行安全,并提出发生事故时,应采取的应急处理方法.     

煤炭开发建设项目环境影响后评价初步研究

环境影响后评价作为环境影响评价的延伸,是提高环评有效性的有力手段,目前我国环境影响后评价仍处于起步阶段,其理论和实践都具有很强的探索性。煤炭在我国的能源地位突出,但对煤炭开采建设项目的环境影响后评价研究甚少,文章介绍了国内外环境影响后评价的研究进展,并针对煤炭项目,通过识别煤炭开采的环境影响,概述了其评价指标的选取原则、指标体系的构建和评价方法。     

Sulfur speciation and bioaccumulation in camphor tree leaves as atmospheric sulfur indicator analyzed by synchrotron radiation XRF and XANES

Analyzing and understanding the effects of ambient pollution on plants is getting more and more attention as a topic of environmental biology.A method based on synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy was established to analyze the sulfur concentration and speciation in mature camphor tree leaves (CTLs),which were sampled from 5 local fields in Shanghai,China.Annual SO2 concentration,SO42-concentration in atmospheric particulate,SO42-and sulfur concentration in soil were also analyzed to explore the relationship between ambient sulfur sources and the sulfur nutrient cycling in CTLs.Total sulfur concentration in mature camphor tree leaves was 766-1704 mg/kg.The mainly detected sulfur states and their corresponding compounds were +6 (sulfate,include inorganic sulfate and organic sulfate),+5.2 (sulfonate),+2.2 (suloxides),+0.6 (thiols and thiothers),+0.2 (organic sulfides).Total sulfur concentration was strongly correlated with sulfate proportion with a linear correlation coefficient up to 0.977,which suggested that sulfur accumulated in CTLs as sulfate form.Reduced sulfur compounds (organic sulfides,thiols,thioethers,sulfoxide and sulfonate) assimilation was sufficed to meet the nutrient requirement for growth at a balanced level around 526 mg/kg.The sulfate accumulation mainly caused by atmospheric sulfur pollution such as SO2 and airborne sulfate particulate instead of soil contamination.From urban to suburb place,sulfate in mature CTLs decreased as the atmospheric sulfur pollution reduced,but a dramatic increase presented near the seashore,where the marine sulfate emission and maritime activity pollution were significant.The sulfur concentration and speciation in mature CTLs effectively represented the long-term biological accumulation of atmospheric sulfur pollution in local environment.     

废旧线路板回收的污染防治技术综述

废旧线路板回收不仅能够解决电子废弃物迅速增长带来的环境污染问题,而且可以实现资源再生利用,是中国当前鼓励发展的行业。线路板回收过程也将不可避免的带来一定环境污染问题。中国企业现阶段常用的线路板回收工艺主要包括机械物理法、湿法冶金、火法冶金、热解法等。废旧线路板的回收工艺不同,污染物产生特点也不同,企业应根据线路板回收工艺有针对性的选择污染防治措施。线路板回收过程中产生的废渣再利用应成为今后研究的重点。     

WASP水质模型在辽河干流污染减排模拟中的应用

运用WASP模型对辽河流域实施水质改善方案后水质的变化进行模拟,以辽河干流铁岭段水质指标COD为例,结合流域污染削减目标寻求合理的减排任务分配方案。结果袁明：根据不同季节灵活地分配减排任务,辽河干漉铁岭段年削减COD1．74—2．49万吨可使其水质状况得到明显改善,迭到减排耳标。     

化工企业风险可接受标准研究

分析归纳了一些国家和地区个体风险和社会风险,首次提出以人群自然死亡率为基础,确定个体风险制定的基础,把化工企业个体风险分为三类,分别为单个或少量暴露人员场所、居住类高密度场所和特别敏感的目标对应的个体风险,与国家安全生产监督管理总局规定危险化学品重大危险源产生的个体风险基本吻合.采用ALARP原则,合理确定社会风险并划分为不可接受区、尽可能降低区和风险可容许区.风险标准值的制定为企业风险管理和风险决策提供更加有意义的参考,也为化工企业开展定量风险评估提供技术支撑.