提高环境水中纳克级超痕量汞测定灵敏度的研究

对ｎｇ／Ｌ级超痕量汞测定中的消解、测定各步骤对灵敏度的影响进行了研究。得出结论：采用高纯氩气作载、屏气,选择高负压值和高扩展倍率能明显提高灵敏度;选择合适的消解时间和缩短测定时间能使灵敏度略有提高;试剂和玻璃器皿所带给空白的痕量汞对提高灵敏度不利,应作除汞处理。     

小清河水体和沿岸地下水中有机污染物的监测及其毒性分析

本文对小清河水体和沿岸地下水中的有机污染物进行了色－质联用分析,共检出有机污染物１３类９３种。并对其毒性效应进行了分析和评价。     

工业居民混合区降尘含量的灰色GM(1,1)预测

本文采有灰色理论中的预测方法,以９０—９４年度的降尘监测数据为基础,建立了邯郸市工业居民混合区降尘含量的ＧＭ（１,１）预测模型,其数学表达式为：＾Ｘ（１）（ｋ＋１）＝５６０２９ｅ００５６４１２ｋ－５３０８３,经三种方法对模型精度检验,由模式计算的预测值与历年的实测值的平均相对误差仅为－０００８％,关联度系数γ＝０９０５,后验差比值Ｃ＝００３,模型精度为一级,经与９５年度预测值与实测值对比验证,误差２７４％,说明本模型能真实地反映该区降尘的发展变化规律,预测数据可作为制定该区降尘防治规划的依据。     

生态校园建设现状分析

生态校园建设的类型主要有:景观园林设计型、生态技术型、教育管理型.通过在校园内建立生态环境体系,使校园内有限的资源得到循环、合理、科学的使用,提高学校生态环境质量.     

烟气脱硝技术及在我国的应用

氮氧化物气体是危害最大、最难处理的大气污染物之一。随着经济的发展,有效控制燃煤造成的大气污染已经刻不容缓,特别是控制燃煤过程中的氮氧化物,烟气脱硝技术显得相当重要。本文分析了几种常用的烟气脱硝技术（选择性催化还原脱硝技术、选择性非催化还原脱硝技术、碱性溶液吸收法和等离子体活化法等）的原理、技术特点以及在我国的应用情况。     

电源变压器温升试验中（绕组法）的影响因素及不确定度的评估

本文中探讨的是根据绕组法计算电源变压器绕组温升的试验方法,以及对整个试验过程中环境、仪器设备、仪表、人为因素所引起的误差等对最终试验结果的影响,并对其测量不确定度进行评估。     

油田污水深度处理与回用技术

冀东油田采油污水经过处理合格后,用于采油注水,污水处理后质量合格与否直接影响油田原油开采效果。通过联合站原污水处理工艺的改造,特别是核桃壳过滤器增加加药口,加强反冲洗及生化处理技术的改进等,达到了一定的效果,使水质有了很大的改善,促进了油田的开采和污水回用技术的发展。     

论建设生态型城市的措施

本文叙述了生态城市理念的由来,生态城市的特征以及建设生态城市的意义,在分析我国生态示范区建设现状的基础上,提出生态城市建设的措施:以科学发展观为指导,以可持续发展为主题,以城市规划为蓝本,以环境保护为重点,通过调整产业结构、建立循环经济体系,发展生态农业,建设经济、社会、生态高度和谐的生态城市.     

Economic assessment of the health effects related to particulate matter pollution in 111 Chinese cities by using economic burden of disease analysis

With China's rapid economic development, environmental problems have become more and more serious. Particulate air pollution is terrible in cities with large and dense population. It may lead to adverse health effects and economic costs. In this study, we calculated the health effects of pollution caused by particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 10mum (PM(10)) in 111 Chinese cities in 2004 according to statistical data and epidemiological exposure-response functions. Using economic burden of disease analysis, an economic assessment of these health risks was also presented. In contrast to many previous studies that have examined individual cities, this study covered most large and medium-sized cities in China, which accounted for more than 70% gross domestic product (GDP) of China in 2004. The total economic cost caused by PM(10) pollution was estimated as approximately US$ 29,178.7 million. Mega cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Tianjin contribute relatively more to the total costs. The results will help policy makers in formulating more effective countermeasures and increasing public awareness to enhance environmental protection.     

The importance of differentiating urban and rural phenomena in examining the unequal distribution of locally desirable land

Previous research addressing the unequal distribution of locally desirable land (LDL) has mainly ignored their associated environments (i.e., rural or urban). However, this study proposed a new framework that treats rural and urban regions separately. In rural areas, the LDLs included all public lands. In urbanized areas, the LDLs were defined as green open spaces. Potential inequities in the distribution of LDL were assessed with respect to socioeconomic characteristics of residents in the State of Georgia. Using US Census Bureau Data (2000), Census Block Groups (CBGs) adjacent to LDLs were compared to CBGs outside of LDLs on four socioeconomic variables (per capita income, occupation, education, and race) in urban, suburban and rural environments. Results showed that CBGs adjacent to LDLs were composed of statistically significant upper-class communities containing fewer blue-collar workers, more whites, and higher income and higher educated people in rural, suburban and urban areas.