废水中硝基苯类化合物测定方法的探讨及新方法研究

探讨了废水中硝基苯类化合物的气相色谱法测定方法中的水样预处理操作繁琐,实验耗时长,且萃取时使用易挥发有毒有害的有机物二氯甲烷。另一种常见的测定方法还原-偶氮分光光度法,而染料、印染制革等工业废水的颜色较深,对测定造成干扰,通常通过蒸馏预处理消除水样颜色带来的干扰,而在蒸馏过程中因硝基苯类沸点较高不能将水样中的硝基苯类化合物全部蒸出,导致检测结果偏低。提出了一种经聚己内酰胺脱色,简单又快捷地消除水样中颜色的干扰,又避免了硝基苯类化合物蒸馏不完全的问题,再利用还原-偶氮分光光度法准确测定废水中硝基苯类化合物的方法。     

青海盐湖环境下高性能混凝土防腐措施的试验研究

采用传统防腐措施动弹模波动比较大,具有一定侵蚀影响,导致混凝土质量变化较大,且外观被侵蚀较为严重。提出基于水泥基渗透的结晶型防水措施,并对青海盐湖环境下高性能混凝土防腐措施进行试验研究。结合青海盐湖地质勘察报告,分析混凝土被侵蚀的主要影响因素,从物理方面和化学方面对措施展开分析。设定试验条件和配置,采用传统防腐措施和改进防腐措施对混凝土的动弹模、质量和外观进行实验对比。水泥基渗透的结晶型防水措施动弹模波动范围较小,无化学侵蚀影响、混凝土质量变化较小,且外观只有表面不光滑,其它地方并无明显变化,防腐效果较好。     

湿地植被对污水净化效果分析研究

人工湿地植被种植对污水净化具有显著性的改善作用,分析人工湿地植被种植与污水净化的量化关系,分析人工湿地植被种植对污水改善的原理,建立生态植被污水净化处理模式,采用多元回归分析方法人工湿地植被对水质控制和小型富营养水体生态恢复的效益因素,以营养物的去除率、重金属的去除率以及有机物去除率为指标,分析人工湿地植被种植对污水净化的生态学改善模型。研究表明,人工湿地植被种植能增加水体透明度,降低水体中的富营养物和重金属等物质,对污水具有显著性的改善作用。     

A study on the interactions among several plant secondary compounds and aphids

The research, focused on the specific interactions among seven plant secondary compounds and aphids, was carried out and the preliminary results showed: (1) "T-typed tube method" was regarded as the best method compared with others designed to observe the interactions. (2) Cabbage aphid was able to be attracted by laurolene while it was not susceptible to α-pinene, β-pinene and diamylene. (3) Gossypol, a major secondary substance in cotton, was able to be implicated as feeding attractant to cotton aphid. (4) Rutin might be implicated repellent to cotton aphid.     

青铜峡铝厂氟污染对广武乡玉米影响的调查分析

监测了青铜峡铝厂东南方向４．５ｋｍ的广武乡玉米叶，得知含氟量为４３．９４－１６６．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ，对照样品树新林场玉米叶的含氟均值为１３．１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，广武乡的玉米受到了严重的氟污染，农作物减产严重。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定海河下游水中痕量镉

原子吸收光谱法直接测定高盐水中痕量镉时，有很大背景吸收和误差。本文采用络合—萃取技术使共存元素与待测元素分离，既消除了基体干扰，又达到了富集作用，使测定结果准确可靠。     

小清河水体和沿岸地下水中有机污染物的监测及其毒性分析

本文对小清河水体和沿岸地下水中的有机污染物进行了色－质联用分析，共检出有机污染物１３类９３种。并对其毒性效应进行了分析和评价。     

上海市机动车污染实时排放预警系统设计与应用

研究上海市机动车污染的动态排放测算和网格化动态排放清单构建,在实时的交通数据和交通环境监测数据的基础上,结合交通模型、机动车排放清单模型等业务模型和算法,依托大数据存储、可视化和GIS等技术,开发了上海市机动车污染物实时排放预警系统,实现了上海市全市道路的机动车动态排放测算、交通环境政策实施情景模拟和网格化排放清单,更新频率为每30 min一次,包含PM、NOx、CO、SO2、VOCs等污染物和9种车型。系统建成后直接服务于首届中国国际进口博览会,为大气污染排放实时总量跟踪评估、污染源管控措施分析及监测成因分析等提供了有力的实时数据和技术支撑。     

Determination of PAHs by On-Line Polarization Synchronous Fluorescence with HPLC

A novel analytical method has been established for on-line simultaneous determination of fluorene and acenaphthene,chrysene and benzo[a]anthracene (B[a]A) by polarization synchronous fluoromet.y (PSF) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The detection limits were: 0.039, 0.046, 0.016 and 0.042 mgL-1 for fluorene, acenaphthene, chrysene and B[a]A, respectively. The proposed method has been successfisily applied to simultaneous determination of these PAHs in environmental air and marine sediment samples.     

Induction of cytochrome P4501A and endocrine disrupting effects of school incinerator residues

The emission of the dioxin-like compounds from on-site waste incinerators of seven schools in Kyonggi Province of Korea was evaluated by determination of the cytochrome P4501A(CYP1A) catalytic activity and antiestrogenic activity using cell culturemicrobioassay. The residue samples were extracted in a Soxhlet apparatus using toluene for 20 hr. The concentrated crude extractswere fractionated with a basic alumina column. Dioxin-like compounds were then extracted. Induction of CYP1A activity in a rat(H4IIE) hepatoma cell line was used as indicator of biologicaleffect of incinerator residues and measured as 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase(EROD) activities. The EROD activities of fraction II extracts (one of the two extracts) in the H4IIE cells were from 0.044±0.002 to 4.424±0.351 ng-TEQ g^-1 (TCDD Toxicity equivalent), showing relatively high inducing capacity. Antisetrogenicity of the extracts was measured as decrease in E₂-induced cell proliferation. Most of the extracts showed antiestrogenic activity in MCF7-BUS cell.The TEQ levels of the incinerator residues and the antiestrogenicactivities were in good correlation, strongly suggesting that thepotent toxic emissions were indeed produced from the on-site school waste semi-incinerators and could cause the antiestrogenicity.