乐山大佛景区景云亭危岩灾害分析及其防治研究

乐山大佛景区离堆山景云亭危岩地处大佛景区乌尤寺附近陡崖地带.危岩严重威胁省级文物保护单位"离堆"、乐山巨型睡佛的"睫毛"-景云亭及"中流砥柱"浮雕等重要景点的安全.通过现场调查、测绘、坑探等手段,结合赤平投影、楔形体稳定性分析,系统地研究了离堆山景云亭危岩体的区域地质环境条件、危岩基本特征及类型、演化发展趋势、影响因素及其稳定性,在此基础上提出了以锚固为主体工程,辅以排水、嵌补工程,对危岩体进行综合工程整治.     

手工电弧焊接的劳动保护

随着经济的快速发展,从城市到乡村,从大企业到小型个体户的焊接加工部,从建筑高楼大厦到农民建造住宅,都在大量使用手工电弧焊接作业.     

爆炸物冲击波的人体防护研究

针对爆炸物爆炸冲击波、破片或子弹冲击、高温高压气体热辐射等复杂环境下的人体伤害威胁,本文从人员损伤研究和防护材料研究两方面综述了国内外研究进展,最后为开展人体有效防护研究工作提出了几点建议.     

人地关系的危机和性质及协调思维

人地关系危机的本因是人类意识和社会经济行为与其生存环境的潜在利用方向、可承载量之间存在的巨大不整合和全面失衡,其核心是资源问题。人地关系的性质是多种人地关系因子共同作用的区间对应的函数关系。人类应当采取“多管齐下、本标兼治”的协调战略,树立资源中心论观念,着力于改善资源利用结构和效率,改进人地关系的关联方式和复合作用效应,建立多层次的人地协调工程,推动人与自然的根本和解和全面合作,最终实现两者的整体同一化和共生协调化。人与自然的关系是人类思考和认识的永恒主题。目前,人地关系呈现出历史性和全球性的危机,已成为人类生存和发展的根本障碍。探讨危机产生的根源,研究人地关系的性质,并从中确定调控人地关系的基本思维和方式,无疑具有重大的现实意义和理论价值。     

Molecular sex identification of sable and stone marten

Sable (Martes zibellina) and stone marten (Martes foina) populations are declining sharply and both species are threatened in China. Knowing the sex ratio of a population is important for long-term conservation and development of management plans for endangered marten species. We here describe the application of a novel PCR-RFLP method for sex determination in these two marten species. We developed a new designed primer pair (ZFLB1 and ZFLB2) that yields a smaller ZFX/ZFY PCR product (246 bp), which in combination with RFLP analysis, provides a simple and reliable method for gender determination in Martes zibellina and Martes foina. The method can be used on tissue and non-invasively collected hair samples for sex identification in wild marten populations, and is powerful for monitoring population status and trend of endangered martens.     

Regime shifts and resilience in China’s coastal ecosystems

Regime shift often results in large, abrupt, and persistent changes in the provision of ecosystem services and can therefore have significant impacts on human wellbeing. Understanding regime shifts has profound implications for ecosystem recovery and management. China’s coastal ecosystems have experienced substantial deterioration within the past decades, at a scale and speed the world has never seen before. Yet, information about this coastal ecosystem change from a dynamics perspective is quite limited. In this review, I synthesize existing information on coastal ecosystem regime shifts in China and discuss their interactions and cascading effects. The accumulation of regime shifts in China’s coastal ecosystems suggests that the desired system resilience has been profoundly eroded, increasing the potential of abrupt shifts to undesirable states at a larger scale, especially given multiple escalating pressures. Policy and management strategies need to incorporate resilience approaches in order to cope with future challenges and avoid major losses in China’s coastal ecosystem services.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-015-0692-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

GC/MS法测定润滑油基础油中多环芳烃

对润滑油基础油中多环芳烃的气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)测定方法进行了研究,探讨了样品的提取,固相萃取柱净化等前处理方法,同时也对仪器测定条件进行了优化.结果表明,在检测润滑油基础油中多环芳烃时,经优化的GC/MS法的加标回收率和精密度均达到较满意的水平.     

沸石联合微生物固定化去除微污染水体中氨氮的研究

将沸石联合经过驯化的活性污泥微生物固定化,通过静态实验.考察了不同粒径沸石及不同组分固定化方法对沸石联合微生物固定化去除氨氮的影响;通过动态实验,考察了沸石联合微生物固定化去除微污染水体中低浓度氨氮的机制.结果表明,活性污泥经过16 d的驯化,氨氮去除率为90%以上;沸石吸附氨氮为快速吸附,粒径<0.5 mm的沸石的吸附容量明显大于其他粒径的沸石;不同组分固定化小球对氨氮的去除效率不同,各组分均有贡献,吸附容量依次为:沸石固定化小球>沸石联合微生物固定化小球>微生物固定化小球;沸石联合微生物固定化去除微污染水体中低浓度氨氮可分为4个阶段,即沸石吸附阶段、吸附饱和及微生物适应阶段、硝化作用明显加强和沸石部分再生阶段、微生物作用良好和沸石进一步再生阶段,最终沸石吸附与生物再生处于良好的动态平衡中,氨氮去除率达到60%左右.     

不同类型填料的三维电极/Fenton试剂法处理苯酚废水

采用不同类型填料对三维电极/Fenton试剂法处理苯酚模拟废水进行研究.结果表明.不同类型活性炭填料对苯酚去除率有很大影响,粒炭不适合做粒子电极,采用5.0 mm柱炭处理效果较好;采用石英砂与活性炭混合填料的处理效果比单一活性炭填料好,但苯酚去除率提高不明显;电解槽反应器中按比例投加涂膜活性炭和活性炭混合填料能明显提高苯酚去除率;当涂膜活性炭与活性炭体积比为1,2时,苯酚去除率最高,达96.8%.