Enhancement of anaerobic biodegradability of flower stem wastes with vegetable wastes by co-hydrolysis

The vegetable wastes and flower stems were co-digested to evaluate the anaerobic hydrolysis performance of difficultly biodegradable organic wastes by introducing readily biodegradable organic wastes. The experiments were carried out in batches. When the vegetable wastes were mixed with the flower stems at the dry weight ratio of 1 to 13, the overall hydrolysis rate increased by 8%, 12%, and 2% according to the carbon, nitrogen, and total solid （TS） conversion rate, respectively. While the dry weight ratio was designed as 1 to 3, there was a respective rise of 5%, 15%, and 4% in the conversion rate of carbon, nitrogen, and TS. The enhancement of anaerobic hydrolysis from the mixed vegetable wastes and flower stems can be attributed to the formation of volatile fatty acids （VFA） and nutrient supplement like nitrogen content. The maximum VFA concentration can achieve 1.7 g/L owing to the rapid acidification of vegetable wastes, loosing the structure of lignocellulose materials. The statistic bivariate analysis revealed that the hydrolysis performance was significantly related to the physical and biochemical compositions of the feeding substrate. Especially, the soluble carbon concentration in the liquid was significantly positively correlated to the concentration of nitrogen and hemicellulose, and negatively correlated to the concentration of carbon and lignocellulose in the feeding substrate, suggesting that the regulation and control of feedstock can have an important influence on the anaerobic hydrolysis of organic wastes.     

An approach to the fluctuation mechanism of ecotone

In this paper,the relationship among land productivity,population pressure and the fluctuation mechanism of ecotone is analyzed,taking coumties and banners of southeast Inner Mongolia plateau as an example,which is the most fragile part in the farming and husbandry interleaving belt of north China due to its severe desertification degree and low level of economic development.The Cv for the total output value of agriculture decreases from southeast to northwest,with the same rule as which the overloading population cumulated distributes,and both indicators have close relation with the high linear coefficient of 0.83.These reveal the fluctuation mechanism for ecotone:fluctuation of the level of economic development is a scientific and practical measure both to weakness degree and to instability of ecotone,because it is a synthesized response to the variation of climate as well as irrational land uses,which reinforce and magnify the fluctuation.In detail,the heavier the population overloading,the severer the grassland reclamation,the stronger the dependence of regional productivity on rainfall,the lower the level of economic development,the rougher the fluctuation of ecotone,but the weaker the PRED system.     

海上含聚污水电化学处理装置的优化

为解决传统电化学方法在含聚污水处理时电极板消耗严重、絮渣量大的问题,通过改进电极板材料、组合数及结构等,研究适度降解-除油一体化电化学技术,在降低渣泥量的同时保证处理效果。实验结果表明:最佳电极板组合为"网状惰性金属复合物极板(阳)-网状铝极板(阴)-网状铝极板(阴)-网状惰性金属复合物极板(阳)";在电解电流为4.0 A、极板间距为8.0 cm、面体比(电极板面积与处理污水量的比值)为2/17 cm~2/mL、电解时间为30 min的最佳处理条件下,几乎无絮渣产出,含聚污水的浊度去除率为93.3%、聚合物降解率为92.0%、除油率为95.0%,展现了优良的处理效果。     

五区电除尘技术试验研究及应用

五区电除尘技术是一种新型的电除尘器提效改造技术,由于其性能优良、工作可靠、稳定运行,工程投资少、施工周期短等优点而得到广泛应用。在模拟计算分析其阻力和对气流分布影响的基础上,试验研究其对不同粉尘的收尘性能,结果表明:五区电除尘技术可高效捕集微细、高比电阻粉尘,且设备阻力小,气流分布理想。     

SBR的运行管理要点

介绍SBR的工艺特点,着重分析SBR在调试及运行管理中的重要控制因素,指出了随着进料和外部条件变化应采取的对策,以达到最佳的出水水质和最经济的运行方式。     

复合垂直流人工湿地的脱氮机理及影响因素分析

采用沸石和砾石作为填料,研究复合垂直流人工湿地处理农村生活污水的脱氮机理。试验结果表明:复合垂直流人工湿地对污水中氮的去除主要发生在下行流填料柱中,其去除机理主要是微生物对溶解态氮的硝化和反硝化作用;悬浮态氮沉积在填料孔隙中,会出现氮释放现象;水温、气水比、碳氮比、氮源形式等因素对湿地系统的脱氮效率有显著影响。     

热电厂再生水回用工艺分析

介绍一套日处理量14 400 t的再生水回用工艺,该工艺应用预处理+反渗透工艺深度处理二级城市污水并将产水回用于热电厂的循环冷却水及锅炉补给水的源水,分析了该工艺关键单元的特点。运行结果表明:该工艺可行,产水各项指标满足该热电厂对回用水的要求。最后,对工艺运行过程中出现的问题提出解决办法和改进建议。     

上流式多级处理厌氧反应器(UMAR)处理棉浆黑液

棉浆黑液是高浓度有机废水,有较好的厌氧可生化性。利用上流式多级处理厌氧反应器处理棉浆黑液,容积负荷在14．4—24kg／（m^3·d）之间,平均COD去除率可达到80％,同时可产生沼气,具有很好的应用前景。     

水体中磺酸类有机物的检测分析进展

针对水体中磺酸类有机化合物的分离分析,较为系统地总结了近年来国内外学者在磺酸类化合物检测方面所作的研究工作,主要介绍了高效液相色谱、气质联用和电位等检测方法的应用。     

细河污染特征与整治对策的探讨

细河是伴随沈阳市铁西区老工业基地的发展而形成一条排污河流,2002年前污染非常严重,2002年后通过综合整治及仙女河污水处理厂和西部污水处理厂相继建成并投入使用,使大部分细河污水得到处理,但细河的污染问题仍不容乐观,本文通过细河纳污总量的核定、细河源头水的保护与利用、底质的清理与无害化处置、新污染控制与防范等措施使细河水质得到一个可持续的、良好的改善。