蓟运河汞污染化学地理特征

通过对蓟运河汞污染化学地理研究,查清了河水沉积物中汞和甲基汞的含量范围,水平和垂直变化,以及空间分布;研究了汞存在的形态;揭示了汞在河流中的富集区;作出了河流汞污染状况的分区,初步提出了治理河道汞污染的途径。     

Stability analysis of alkaline nitrobenzene-containing wastewater by a catalyzed Fe-Cu treatment process

Iron and copper bimetallic system (catalyzed Fe-Cu process) is a promising technology for alkaline nitrobenzene-containing wastewater treatment. However, little is currently known about the changes of treatment efficiency with time going. This research investigated the long-term performance of the catalyzed Fe-Cu process to reduce nitrobenzene (NB) in alkaline wastewater. In addition, the changes of the metal surfaces morphologies and matters before and after the reaction were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in conjunction with energy-dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). The results showed that the surface properties of copper almost remained unchanged after weeks of operation, which spelled its strong chemical stability and resistance to poisoning. Moreover, the results indicated that there were two reasons for the treatment efficiency decreasing with time. One was the gradual iron element consumption due to corrosion. The other was iron reactivity weakened due to the precipitates accumulation on the surfaces that were mainly Fe₃O₄ and FeCO. __________ Translated from Environmental Pollution & Control, 2006, 28(10): 783–785 [译自: 环境污染与防治]     

An assessment of how distance and diesel oxidation catalyst will impact thermal decomposition behaviors of particles

Decomposition mass loss and pyrolysis products analyses of particles sampled at various locations along the tailpipe of a Euro-IV diesel engine were performed using a thermogravimetry in conjunction with Fourier transformation infrared spectrometry-mass spectrum. Diesel particles were collected at the same location with and without diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) mounted on the test engine separately. The three poles in thermal gravity-differential thermal gravity images suggested that the decomposition process of diesel particles could be divided into three stages which correspond to the decompositions of lower boiling substances, higher boiling substances and soot respectively. It is noticed that no matter whether DOC was mounted or not, the further the particles were sampled away from the engine block, the lower the peak temperatures and the heavier the mass losses within the first two stages, which indicated that the soluble organic fraction in the particle samples increased and therefore lowering the activation energy of thermal decomposition. Hydroxyl, ammonia, C_xH_y fragments, benzene, toluene, and phenol were found to be the primary products of particle decomposition, which didn't change with the location of particle sample point. The employment of DOC increased the activation energy for particle oxidation and resulted in a higher peak temperature and lower mass loss within the first-stage. Moreover, the CO stretching bands of aldehyde and ketone at 1771 cm^?1 was only detected without a DOC, while the NO₂ peak at 1634 cm^?1 was solely noticed with the presence of DOC. Compared to the first-stage pyrolysis products, more polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and less C_xH_y fragments were seen in the second-stage.     

工业控制网络安全风险及防护策略

分析了工业企业工控系统网络面对诸如自身漏洞、工业协议、操作系统、杀毒软件以及管理缺陷等日益增多的安全风险,需要采用分区隔离、边界防护、异常检测、访问控制、限制接入、健全管理等多种技术、管理手段,建立纵深防御体系,提升工业控制系统的网络安全防护水平,以抵御工业控制网络面临的安全风险。     

半导体生产排放的废气和废水中砷、磷、硫的分析方法研究

研究了一种快速、灵敏、可靠的高温氢还原-气相色谱分析方法[1-2]，并自行设计了高温还原系统(还原炉、六通阀等)，测定半导体生产排放废气和废水中的砷、磷、硫及其化合物，样品不需预处理，使气相色谱仪能直接测定固、液、气相样品中砷、磷、硫及其化合物的含量。砷、磷、硫的检测限分别为0．01mg／L、0．003mg／L、0．02mg／L；相对标准偏差分别为6．2％、8．6％和0．3％，与经典方法进行对比，结果基本一致。从分析方法的误差统计角度，也说明该方法准确、可靠。     

工程菌处理高纯二甲醚生产废水的研究

工程菌LEY7是以假单胞菌D3 菌株 (Pseudomonassp.D3 )为受体 ,以缓慢牙孢杆菌 3RM2 菌株 (Bacilluslentus 3RM2 ) ,假单胞菌W1 (Pseudomonassp .W1 )和W2 (Pseudomonassp .W2 )为供体 ,用多基因转化原生质球构建而成。工程菌LEY7能同时降解 4种化合物。用工程菌LEY7处理化工废水 ,工艺采用二级氧化。处理效果 :进水COD =10 0 0mg/L ,处理后出水COD在 10 0mg/L以下。COD去除率达到 90 %以上。     

大气污染对城市能见度影响研究的理论与实践

首先从理论上探讨了颗粒物及气态污染物对能见度的影响．论述了城市大气光化学反应过程中的气粒转化过程。此外．选取4个气象参数：风速、气温、气压和相对湿度．及3个大气污染指标：SO2、NOx、PM10，与晴天水平能见度进行了相关分析．并建立回归方程。初步分析表明．城市能见度除受大气污染的影响外．还与湿度、风速．风向等气象条件及雾、降水、浮尘等天气有密切关系，它主要是大中小尺度天气和大气环境共同作用的结果．在一定条件下．它与PM10和SO2有较为明显的相关性。     

无排泥条件下HRT对膜生物反应器硝化性能的影响及其生物群落结构分析

以无机氨氮废水(NH+4 N,500mg·L-1)为处理对象,在不排泥条件下逐渐缩短膜生物反应器的水力停留时间(HRT,30h～5h),连续运行260d.在反应器内的氨氮容积负荷和污泥负荷分别为1 2kg·(d·L)-1和2 13kg·kg-1·d-1时,氨氮去除率达98 2%以上.当HRT减少至7h时开始出现NH+4 N和NO-2 N的积累.尽管反应器内MLSS随着运行时间的延长在逐步上升,氨氧化菌(AOB)和亚硝酸氧化菌(NOB)的数量分别从HRT10h和15h起开始下降.16SrDNA聚合酶链式反应结合变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR DGGE)的分析发现反应器内生物多样性随着运行时间的延长而增加,测序结果表明进行氨氧化作用的主要是亚硝化单胞菌属(Nitrosomonassp.),进行亚硝酸氧化的主要是硝化螺菌属(Nitrospirasp.).尽管反应器只进行无机氨氮配水,仍存在大量的异养菌,估计其生长是以胞外分泌产物和细胞裂解产物为基质.     

微囊藻毒素导致鲫鱼淋巴细胞凋亡的研究

采用离体细胞培养诱导方法,以鲫鱼(Garassius auratus)为实验材料,研究了两种微囊藻毒素microcystm-LR(MC-LR)和microcystin-RR(MCRR)在低浓度下(1nmol·L-1,5 nmol·L-1和10 nmol·L-1)对鲫鱼淋巴细胞的毒性效应.结果表明,鲫鱼淋巴细胞分别经两种微囊藻毒素体外诱导2h后,出现细胞核固缩的典型细胞凋亡形态学特征;琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测到明显的细胞凋亡的生物化学特征梯状DNA(DNA ladder);并且两种藻毒素诱导的细胞凋亡呈时间和剂量效应关系.该研究表明微囊藻毒素可导致鱼类淋巴细胞产生凋亡,因而可能影响鱼类免疫功能.     

水力空化技术的研究及其应用

水力空化是一种新的水处理技术.作为一种新技术,水力空化已经应用于化学和环境领域.本文阐述了水力空化的机理,包括空化的产生、发展及溃灭的过程,并提出了空泡溃灭时产生的高温高压是水处理过程中的能量来源.研究了影响水力空化的因素,介绍了其在国内外的研究进展,以及水力空化的动力学基础,指出了该领域目前存在的问题以及以后的研究方向,对进一步深入研究空化现象及应用有一定的参考作用.