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51.
Ozone pollution characteristics and sensitivity analysis using an observation-based model in Nanjing, Yangtze River Delta Region of China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ming Wang Wentai Chen Lin Zhang Wei Qin Yong Zhang Xiangzhi Zhang Xin Xie 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(7):13-22
Ground-level ozone (O3) has become a critical pollutant impeding air quality improvement in Yangtze River Delta region of China. In this study, we present O3 pollution characteristics based on one-year online measurements during 2016 at an urban site in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. Then, the sensitivity of O3 to its precursors during 2 O3 pollution episodes in August was analyzed using a box model based on observation (OBM). The relative incremental reactivity (RIR) of hydrocarbons was larger than other precursors, suggesting that hydrocarbons played the dominant role in O3 formation. The RIR values for NOX ranged from –0.41%/% to 0.19%/%. The O3 sensitivity was also analyzed based on relationship of simulated O3 production rates with reductions of VOC and NOX derived from scenario analyses. Simulation results illustrate that O3 formation was between VOCs-limited and transition regime. Xylenes and light alkenes were found to be key species in O3 formation according to RIR values, and their sources were determined using the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model. Paints and solvent use was the largest contributor to xylenes (54%), while petrochemical industry was the most important source to propene (82%). Discussions on VOCs and NOX reduction schemes suggest that the 5% O3 control goal can be achieved by reducing VOCs by 20%. To obtain 10% O3 control goal, VOCs need to be reduced by 30% with VOCs/NOX larger than 3:1. 相似文献
52.
Yi Shi Akintunde Babatunde Bettina Bockelmann-Evans Qijie Li Liang Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(10):151-162
Within the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) using chloramine as disinfectant, nitrification caused by nitrifying bacteria is increasingly becoming a concern as it poses a great challenge for maintaining water quality. To investigate efficient control strategies, operational conditions including hydraulic regimes and disinfectant scenarios were controlled within a flow cell experimental facility. Two test phases were conducted to investigate the effects on the extent of nitrification of three flow rates (Q = 2, 6, and 10 L/min) and four disinfection scenarios (total Cl2=1 mg/L, Cl2/NH3-N=3:1; total Cl2=1 mg/L, Cl2/NH3-N=5:1; total Cl2=5 mg/L, Cl2/NH3-N=3:1; and total Cl2=5 mg/L, Cl2/NH3-N=5:1). Physico-chemical parameters and nitrification indicators were monitored during the tests. The characteristics of biofilm extracellular polymetric substance (EPS) were evaluated after the experiment. The main results from the study indicate that nitrification is affected by hydraulic conditions and the process tends to be severe when the fluid flow transforms from laminar to turbulent (2300<Re<4000). Increasing disinfectant concentration and optimizing Cl2/NH3-N mass ratio were found to inhibit nitrification to some extend when the system was running at turbulent condition (Q = 10 L/min, Re = 5535). EPS extracted from biofilm that was established at the flow rate of 6 L/min had greater carbohydrate/protein ratio. Furthermore, several nitrification indicators were evaluated for their prediction efficiency and the results suggest that the change of nitrite, together with total organic carbon (TOC) and turbidity can indicate nitrification potential efficiently. 相似文献
53.
Mengwei Zhang Wanyue Liu Qian Qu Mingjing Ke Zhenyan Zhang Zhigao Zhou Tao Lu Haifeng Qian 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(11):102-109
An effective broad-spectrum fungicide, azoxystrobin (AZ), has been widely detected in aquatic ecosystems, potentially affecting the growth of aquatic microorganisms. In the present study, the eukaryotic alga Monoraphidium sp. and the cyanobacterium Pseudanabaena sp. were exposed to AZ for 7 days. Our results showed that 0.2–0.5 mg/L concentrations of AZ slightly inhibited the growth of Monoraphidium sp. but stimulated Pseudanabaena sp. growth. Meanwhile, AZ treatment effectively increased the secretion of total organic carbon (TOC) in the culture media of the two species, and this phenomenon was also found in a freshwater microcosm experiment (containing the natural microbial community). We attempted to assess the effect of AZ on the function of aquatic microbial communities through metabolomic analysis and further explore the potential risks of this compound. The metabonomic profiles of the microcosm indicated that the most varied metabolites after AZ treatment were related to the citrate cycle (TCA), fatty acid biosynthesis and purine metabolism. We thereby inferred that the microbial community increased extracellular secretions by adjusting metabolic pathways, which might be a stress response to reduce AZ toxicity. Our results provide an important theoretical basis for further study of fungicide stress responses in aquatic microcosm microbial communities, as well as a good start for further explorations of AZ detoxification mechanisms, which will be valuable for the evaluation of AZ environmental risk. 相似文献
54.
电极转换下,以Capsicum annuum L.为对象探讨电动力强化的植物修复高浓度砷污染土壤效果。结果表明:对照组土壤pH降低,实验组升高。对照组土壤中砷浓度从(524.1±5.6) mg/kg降低为(500.5±8.3) mg/kg,实验组不同区域土壤砷浓度分别为(179.8±10.6),(674.9±5.43),(512.8±7.3) mg/kg。相较于对照组,实验组植物对砷的吸收量分别增加了-18.1%、282.8%和170.3%。对照组、实验组区域1、2、3的土壤和根际土壤砷浓度之比分别为2.62、0.64、1.48和1.26,电场增高了植物根系附近的砷浓度。对照组、实验组区域1、2、3土壤第5天的残渣态砷占比为55.64%、34.99%、39.06%和0%;对照组、实验组第5天阴极和第10天阴极附近土壤,结晶水铁铝氧化物结合态和残渣态砷占比为67.45%、0%和8.88%;体现了电场对土壤重金属形态的活化作用。实验组修复10 d的电耗成本为79.5元/m3,具备一定经济优势。 相似文献
55.
选取湖南省浏阳市某Cd污染稻田进行田间试验,研究组配改良剂石灰石+海泡石(LS)、基施硅肥及叶面喷施硅肥对Cd污染稻田修复效果,结果表明:(1)基施硅肥90kg/hm2和叶面喷施硅肥(0.2,0.4g/L)对土壤pH值无明显影响,添加LS(2250,4500kg/hm2)的各处理均显著提高土壤pH值(P < 0.05).(2)基施硅肥90kg/hm2分别降低土壤交换态、毒性特征浸出(TCLP)提取态Cd含量20.0%和18.5%,叶面喷施硅肥对土壤Cd两种提取态含量无明显影响,添加LS的各处理(2250,4500kg/hm2)分别使土壤交换态、TCLP提取态Cd含量降低25.8%~49.9%、26.4%~44.5%.(3)3种单一技术措施均能明显降低水稻各部位Cd含量,但降低糙米中Cd含量的效果低于3种技术措施的组合处理;“组配改良剂LS+基施硅肥+叶面喷施硅肥”各处理(JL1F1、JL1F2、JL2F1、JL2F2)使水稻糙米中Cd含量降低25.6%~70.5%.(4)“组配改良剂LS+基施硅肥+叶面喷施硅肥”的组合技术处理能显著降低土壤中Cd的有效性,显著降低水稻各部位中Cd含量,其中JL2F2处理效果最佳,能使对照糙米Cd含量从0.66mg/kg降低到0.19mg/kg,实现中重度Cd污染稻田的水稻安全生产. 相似文献
56.
本研究利用生物气候、地形、底质类型、海温等环境因子和红树林分布数据建立了福建省红树林分布模型,基于最大熵方法分析了福建省沿岸红树林潜在适生区的空间分布.根据模型输出结果对福建省红树林的生境适宜性进行了评估,识别了影响红树林分布的关键环境因子及其适生值区间,并通过空间叠加分析获取了福建省红树林保护与修复的优先区与空缺区域.结果表明,影响福建省红树林适生区分布格局的主要环境因子包括海表温度、气温和降水等,福建省红树林潜在适生区主要位于沙埕港-三沙湾-兴化湾沿岸、泉州湾-厦门湾-九龙江口沿岸、漳江口-东山湾沿岸等地,其中最优适生区面积约为91km2.全省共识别出8处红树林保护与修复的优先区域,现存红树林保护率约为64.4%,保护修复空缺主要出现在沙埕港、三沙湾、罗源湾、福清湾等处,研究结论可为未来福建省红树林保护和修复行动提供科学参考. 相似文献
57.
Zheng Yali He Xiaoyi Wang Hewu Wang Michael Zhang Shaojun Ma Dong Wang Binggang Wu Ye 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2020,25(3):355-370
Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - Electric vehicles (EVs) play a crucial role in addressing climate change and urban air quality concerns. China has emerged as the global... 相似文献
58.
文章介绍了采用水解酸化-MBR组合工艺处理雏鸡孵化场废水的应用实例。结果表明,当进水COD、BOD5、NH3-N和SS浓度分别为1 230、268、22和456 mg/L时,污染物去除率依次分别为96.7%、97.5%、82.7%和98.6%。经该工艺处理后的出水水质稳定,并达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB 18918—2002)》一级A标准。 相似文献
59.
60.
目的研究低密度碳/酚醛复合材料在不同地面加热实验测试响应的差异性,指导材料在实际应用环境下的高温响应分析。方法对低密度碳/酚醛复合材料开展了热流为400 kW/m~2的单侧石英灯辐射加热实验,利用热电偶测温系统测量试件在加热过程中不同位置的温度时间历程,并对试件的烧蚀形貌和微观结构进行观测。同时与热流为464k W/m~2的氧乙炔加热陶瓷板辐射加热实验结果进行对比分析,并且采用有限元方法对材料的传热传质多场耦合计算进行分析。结果对于石英灯辐射加热,在测量点升温到接近200℃时,温度响应拐点都依次出现。由于加热的辐射热源不同,在不同的辐射波段下,多孔材料吸收和发射的热量不同,短时间内氧乙炔加热陶瓷板辐射加热使材料内部升温速率比石英灯辐射加热实验的要快,但长时间加热时现象刚好相反。结论进行传热传质多场耦合计算材料高温响应时,合理确定材料宏观性能随温度的变化至关重要。 相似文献