涉及国家级自然保护区建设项目的累积生态影响研究

通过对近一年来我国涉及国家级自然保护区建设项目的统计分析,探析了多个建设项目对单个自然保护区累积生态影响的具体内容,并以内蒙古西鄂尔多斯国家级自然保护区为例,探讨了累积生态影响的评价方法。最后为严格控制建设项目对国家级自然保护区的累加生态影响,提出了4条有针对性的建议对策。     

发动机燃烧室内壁材料热环境的气动热试验模拟技术研究

利用超声速矩形湍流导管和等离子电弧加热器模拟了发动机燃烧室内流和高超声速飞行器外壁面外流热环境,进行了平板表面冷壁热流测量和燃烧室内壁材料考核试验。结果表明:由于辐射换热的影响,在选取的两个典型来流条件下,发动机燃烧室内流热环境下的冷壁热流比外流热环境下的高出21%和40%,但是冷壁热流的增量基本相当,约为0.70~0.80MW/m²。随着冷壁热流的增加,辐射换热产生的热流增量的影响力会逐渐减小。材料考核时,相同配方的C/SiC复合材料在内流热环境下的表面温度高出约400℃,背面温度高出约90℃,这种差异对于发动机燃烧室内壁面材料考核至关重要,必须在材料考核试验中加以考虑。      

液化天然气泄漏扩散实验的CFD模拟验证

运用CFD软件fluent对LNG泄漏扩散的Burro实验进行了模拟,并将不同点处模拟的温度和浓度随时间的变化与实验结果进行了对比.结果表明,温度和浓度的变化趋势与实验值基本一致,水平面、侧面以及对称面上的浓度等值线分布也与实验基本吻合,模拟得到的下风向处甲烷的最大体积分数在近源处要低于实验值,在距离泄漏源较远处则偏高,最后在实验结果的基础上,计算了模拟结果的统计误差,并将其与各种模型的误差进行对比,结果表明fluent的误差要低于其他模型,所预测的值总体上来说偏高.     

石河子燃煤电厂重金属排放研究

选取石河子市典型燃煤电厂,对其燃煤烟气重金属排放浓度及飞灰、底渣、脱硫石膏重金属的富集进行定量分析。结果表明,烟气中各重金属排放浓度从高到低依次为Zn、Ni、Cr、Pb、Cu、Hg、Co、Cd、As。各重金属元素在飞灰中的富集程度较高,除Hg、Cd、Ni外,其他重金属元素在飞灰的富集因均值均大于5。其中,As在飞灰的富集因子均值为5.76。研究结果可为石河子重金属污染控制提供基础数据。     

Differential responses of short-term soil respiration dynamics to the experimental addition of nitrogen and water in the temperate semi-arid steppe of Inner Mongolia, China

We examined the effects of simulated rainfall and increasing N supply of different levels on CO2 pulse emission from typical Inner Mongolian steppe soil using the static opaque chamber technique, respectively in a dry June and a rainy August. The treatments included NH4NO3 additions at rates of 0, 5, 10, and 20 g N/（m2.year） with or without water. Immediately after the experimental simulated rainfall events, the CO2 effluxes in the watering plots without N addition （WCK） increased greatly and reached the maximum value at 2 hr. However, the efflux level reverted to the background level within 48 hr. The cumulative CO2 effluxes in the soil ranged from 5.60 to 6.49 g C/m2 over 48 hr after a single water application, thus showing an increase of approximately 148.64% and 48.36% in the efftuxes during both observation periods. By contrast, the addition of different N levels without water addition did not result in a significant change in soil respiration in the short term. Two-way ANOVA showed that the effects of the interaction between water and N addition were insignificant in short-term soil COz efftuxes in the soil. The cumulative soil CO2 fluxes of different treatments over 48 hr accounted for approximately 5.34% to 6.91% and 2.36% to 2.93% of annual C emission in both experimental periods. These results stress the need for improving the sampling frequency after rainfall in future studies to ensure more accurate evaluation of the grassland C emission contribution.     

锡林郭勒盟农村牧区饮用水水质现状

根据锡林郭勒盟环境保护监测站2010年,对全盟13个旗县市区所辖农村牧区的42个饮用水供水点水质监测结果,进行单因子评价和综合评价,研究分析锡盟农村牧区饮用水水质现状及饮用水水质超标的主要原因,提出了相应的改善措施与保护对策。     

普通高校实验室文档资料的管理

本文通过对实验室文档资料管理的重要性分析，结合自己的实际工作经验，阐述了普通高等院校实验室文档资料管理的状况以及进一步改进的方案和具体措施，将为提高实验管理水平起到一定的促进作用。     

江湖关系变化及其对鄱阳湖水环境影响研究——代“江湖关系变化及其对鄱阳湖水环境影响研究”专栏序言

近年来,江湖关系变化成为影响鄱阳湖水环境的重要因素之一.立足于近年来鄱阳湖与长江江湖关系变化,试图通过鄱阳湖发展演变及江湖关系变化影响因素,以及江湖关系变化对鄱阳湖入湖污染负荷、水质、沉积物和藻类水华影响等方面,深入揭示江湖关系变化对鄱阳湖水环境影响机理.其中,从N、P生物地球化学循环的角度切入,研究揭示江湖关系变化对水体和沉积物N、P等生源要素的产生、输移、转化与降解过程以及赋存形态与时空分布等的影响机理;利用水质-水动力耦合模型量化江湖关系改变对鄱阳湖水动力及水质的影响;应用SWAT模型以及GIS技术,定量估算了江湖关系变化对鄱阳湖入湖营养盐负荷及其典型湿地植被景观格局时空变化的影响;利用现场观测和室内模拟试验研究预测了江湖关系变化对鄱阳湖藻类水华风险的影响,并讨论分析了其影响的重点区域和时段.     

Sediment distribution pattern mapped from the combination of objective analysis and geostatistics in the large shallow Taihu Lake, China

Investigation was made into sediment depth at 723 irregularly scattered measurement points which cover all the regions in Talhu Lake, China. The combination of successive correction scheme and geostatistical method was used to get all the values of recent sediment thickness at the 69 x 69 grids in the whole lake. The results showed that there is the significant difference in sediment depth between the eastern area and the western region, and most of the sediments are located in the western shore-line and northern regimes but just a little in the center and eastem parts. The notable exception is the patch between the center and Xishan Island where the maximum sediment depth is more than 4.0 m. This sediment distribution pattem is more than likely related to the current circulation pattern induced by the prevailing wind-forcing in Taihu Lake. The numerical simulation of hydrodynamics can strong support the conclusion.Sediment effects on water quality was also studied and the results showed that the concentrations of TP, TN and SS in the western part are obviously larger than those in the eastem regime, which suggested that more nutrients can be released from thicker sediment areas.     

阳离子聚合物改性膨润土对六价铬的吸附特性研究

采用阳离子聚合物聚环氧氯丙烷二甲铵（EPIDMA）和聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（PDMDAAC）分别对钠基膨润土进行了改性,研究了改性膨润土吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的主要影响因素.结果表明,膨润土经阳离子聚合物改性处理后,吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的能力提高了5倍以上.改性膨润土所使用的阳离子聚合物量、阳离子聚合物/膨润土的投加量、溶液pH值、温度、振荡时间影响其对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附行为.阳离子聚合物负载量分别为99.6 mg/g的EPIDMA/Bt和55.1 mg/g的PDMDAAC/Bt,在20℃、pH=4.0的溶液中,投加量为10 g/L反应120 min时,对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量分别为0.71 mg/g和0.56 mg/g.EPIDMA/Bt和PDMDAAC/Bt对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附符合伪二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附模式.