活性污泥合成聚羟基烷酸(PHAs)的研究进展

聚羟基烷酸(PHAs)是微生物合成的作为碳源和能源的贮存物。PHA同时也是一种可完全生物降解的塑料,由于其良好的环境效应及机械性能,受到广泛关注。使用活性污泥及廉价基质合成PHA以降低生产成本有很好的应用前景。文章综述了活性污泥合成PHA的最新研究进展,包括活性污泥合成PHA的工艺、影响因素及提高PHA合成量的策略。     

斜刃冲裁力计算方法的探讨

对剪切线为直线的斜刃冲裁,给出了可普遍适用的冲裁力的计算式,并分析了剪切线为直线、斜刃形状为曲线的冲裁力的计算.     

覆草旱作对晚稻田土壤氮素肥力的影响

在南方季节性丘陵干旱区通过田间定位试验研究了覆草旱作、裸地旱作和常规水作三种水稻栽培措施对双季稻轮作系统下晚稻田土壤氮素肥力的影响.结果表明,与裸地旱作和常规水作相比,覆草旱作处理显著提高晚稻移栽前和成熟期土壤碱解氮和矿质氮含量.在晚稻生育期,覆草旱作和裸地旱作稻田土壤无机氮以硝态氮为主.与裸地旱作相比,覆草旱作和常规水作处理显著提高晚稻成熟期土壤可矿化氮含量.与裸地旱作和常规水作相比,覆草旱作处理显著提高晚稻抽穗期和成熟期土壤微生物量氮含量和土壤脲酶活性.     

Pollution extents of organic substances from a coal gangue dump of Jiulong Coal Mine,China

This paper addresses the distribution and occurrence of harmful organic substances in coal gangue dump from Jiulong Coal Mine and its influence on the environment. The samples were taken from the coal gangue dump and coal waste water stream and analyzed by organic geochemical methods. The results indicate that the coal gangues contain abundant harmful organic substances like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The TOC and sulfur contents of the samples are much higher than those of the background sample except Sample JL7. The contents of organic bulk parameters are relatively high. Ten carcinogenic PAHs were identified and these harmful organic substances have influenced the surrounding area. Along the waste water stream, organic substances pollute at least 1,800 m far from the coal gangue dump.     

Sediment distribution pattern mapped from the combination of objective analysis and geostatistics in the large shallow Taihu Lake, China

Investigation was made into sediment depth at 723 irregularly scattered measurement points which cover all the regions in Talhu Lake, China. The combination of successive correction scheme and geostatistical method was used to get all the values of recent sediment thickness at the 69 x 69 grids in the whole lake. The results showed that there is the significant difference in sediment depth between the eastern area and the western region, and most of the sediments are located in the western shore-line and northern regimes but just a little in the center and eastem parts. The notable exception is the patch between the center and Xishan Island where the maximum sediment depth is more than 4.0 m. This sediment distribution pattem is more than likely related to the current circulation pattern induced by the prevailing wind-forcing in Taihu Lake. The numerical simulation of hydrodynamics can strong support the conclusion.Sediment effects on water quality was also studied and the results showed that the concentrations of TP, TN and SS in the western part are obviously larger than those in the eastem regime, which suggested that more nutrients can be released from thicker sediment areas.     

北方干旱地区非正规垃圾填埋场堆体特征及环境影响分析

填埋是我国垃圾处理的主要途径。处于不同气候条件的垃圾堆体对周边环境影响程度不同,在治理过程中要充分考虑填埋场特征选择适宜的污染防治及修复措施。以北方干旱地区典型非正规垃圾填埋场为研究对象,通过垃圾堆体理化性质、填埋气组成以及微生物群落结构的检测分析,研究干旱条件下垃圾堆体的特性。结果表明:场内垃圾呈弱碱性,有机质浓度为5.9%~17.4%,含水率为5.4%~7.8%;填埋气组成与准好氧填埋场相近,垃圾堆体中有机质浓度对CH₄、CO₂和CO生成量起到决定性作用;堆体内优势降解菌为Firmicutes(厚壁菌门)、Proteobacteria(变形菌门)、Actinobacteria(放线菌门)以及Bacteroidetes(拟杆菌门),物种丰度与垃圾降解进程及有机质浓度密切相关;在北方干旱地区垃圾填埋场渗滤液产生量小,堆体对周边环境影响较小;对于有机质浓度低于20%,pH呈弱碱性的垃圾堆体,在制定封场方案时可因地制宜地采用简易覆盖方式进行差异化治理修复。     

三种农作物秸秆燃烧颗粒态多环芳烃排放特征

收集3种农作物秸秆玉米,水稻和小麦露天燃烧排放的颗粒物样品,并利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)对样品中的34种多环芳烃(PAHs)进行分析,研究颗粒态PAHs的排放因子及可用于源解析的诊断参数.结果表明,3种秸秆燃烧总PAHs的排放因子为644.18~1798.13μg/kg;其中4环PAHs在秸秆燃烧样品中含量最高,约占38.8%~58.8%,6环PAHs所占比例相对较小,约占5.72%~15.17%.PAHs中部分单体具有相对较强致癌性,对环境和人体健康的影响不可忽视.首次检测分子量为300的高分子多环芳烃二苯并[a,e]荧蒽.在玉米、水稻和小麦秸秆燃烧排放颗粒物中的排放因子分别为6.70,2.77和2.92μg/kg.此外,研究发现BaP/BghiP, Phe/Phe+Ant和Flu/(Flu + Pyr)比值可以作为较好的区分秸秆燃烧与其他来源的诊断参数.     

岩溶地下河流域水循环方式的降水效应

岩溶水中锶元素来源于碳酸盐岩地层的溶解,其浓度受地层岩性及地下水径流条件的控制.通过对贵州荔波板寨地下河流域微量元素锶的水文地球化学特征分析,发现在纯碳酸盐岩流域范围内,岩溶水中锶浓度只受控于地下水径流条件,因而Ca/Sr值能良好的示踪岩溶区地下水循环.在本文中,以Ca/Sr值为判别依据,将板寨地下河流域7个水样点划分...     

城市园林绿化资源及调查技术研究

城市园林绿化资源是主要服务于城市居民、支持植物和以植物为主体的城市生态系统存在与发展的因素和条件,及其各种天然的和经过人工改造的结果,具有明显的自然属性和社会属性两重性。城市园林绿化资源调查就是全面查清城市园林绿化资源的自然属性和社会属性．状态。研究了调查因子的设计,调查技术规程的架构,调查图斑的概念和区划方法,及绿色遥感信息提取和资源管理地理信息系统开发技术设计,并应用于2010开展的徐州市城市园林绿化资源调查中,取得了较好的成果。     

填料投加对玉米深加工废水处理效果的影响

向单一活性污泥池内投加填料,分析了填料填充率对玉米深加工废水处理效果的影响。结果显示,随着填料填充率的增加,系统的抗CODCr冲击能力有所增强,当填充率为30%时,进水CODCr平均值为832.7mg/L,相邻2天CODCr变化的平均值为779.6mg/L,即CODCr变化均值超过进水CODCr的94%,CODCr去除率仍稳定在80%以上。填料投加对NH4+-N的去除效果改善较大,当填充率为20%时,NH4+-N去除率较无填料投加提高近50%,达90%;当填充率为30%时,去除率可基本稳定在90%。在试验研究的填料填充率下,填料投加对TN的去除改善不大。另外试验还观察到,污泥膨胀期间填料挂膜速率有加快趋势。