Industrial sustainability in China: practice and prospects for eco-industrial development

China is a large densely populated country undergoing rapid industrialization and is becoming one of the world's biggest consumers of natural resources. This circumstance provides a sharp contrast with other countries. As China is so significant in the global economy, studies of its eco-industrial development are very important. In this study we examined the state of eco-industrial development in China and have drawn conclusions from this analysis about some of the future prospects for sustainable development. In the analysis, we investigated the application of industrial ecology concepts by reference to several case studies. We have therefore described the current environmental situation in China, and have provided an overview of eco-industrial development and its implementation. Constraints to industrial sustainability in China have also been examined. We consider that eco-industrial development in China is in its infancy, and that closed loops involving chains and industrial symbiotic webs are the technological key and core of successful initiatives in the application of industrial ecology. In the case studies, we found that each system has different characteristics and management concerns. Our major conclusion is that even though China's Agenda 21 highlights the principles and sets the directions for eco-industrial development, these have not yet become essential ingredients in the country's industrial policy and practice for implementing Agenda 21.     

ICCLP: An Inexact Chance-Constrained Linear Programming Model for Land-Use Management of Lake Areas in Urban Fringes

Lake areas in urban fringes are under increasing urbanization pressure. Consequently, the conflict between rapid urban development and the maintenance of water bodies in such areas urgently needs to be addressed. An inexact chance-constrained linear programming (ICCLP) model for optimal land-use management of lake areas in urban fringes was developed. The ICCLP model was based on land-use suitability assessment and land evaluation. The maximum net economic benefit (NEB) was selected as the objective of land-use allocation. The total environmental capacity (TEC) of water systems and the public financial investment (PFI) at different probability levels were considered key constraints. Other constraints included in the model were land-use suitability, governmental requirements on the ratios of various land-use types, and technical constraints. A case study implementing the system was performed for the lake area of Hanyang at the urban fringe of Wuhan, central China, based on our previous study on land-use suitability assessment. The Hanyang lake area is under significant urbanization pressure. A 15-year optimal model for land-use allocation is proposed during 2006 to 2020 to better protect the water system and to gain the maximum benefits of development. Sixteen constraints were set for the optimal model. The model results indicated that NEB was between $1.48 × 10⁹ and $8.76 × 10⁹ or between $3.98 × 10⁹ and $16.7 × 10⁹, depending on the different urban-expansion patterns and land demands. The changes in total developed area and the land-use structure were analyzed under different probabilities (q _i ) of TEC. Changes in q _i resulted in different urban expansion patterns and demands on land, which were the direct result of the constraints imposed by TEC and PFI. The ICCLP model might help local authorities better understand and address complex land-use systems and develop optimal land-use management strategies that better balance urban expansion and grassland conservation.     

翡翠贻贝内脏团抗氧化酶活性及脂质过氧化物含量对苯并(b)荧蒽胁迫的生物响应研究

为了研究苯并(b)荧蒽这一典型的多环芳烃化合物对水生生物的毒性效应,测定了不同浓度(2.0、10.0和50.0 μg· L-1)苯并(b)荧蒽胁迫15 d和清水释放10 d后翡翠贻贝(Perna viridis)内脏团组织中抗氧化酶(CAT、SOD和GPx)活性和MDA含量的变化.结果表明,2.0 μg· L-1浓度组...     

07A系列军用制式皮鞋研制

本文根据部队官兵需要,明确了重新研制07A系列军用制式皮鞋的重要意义,并逐一说明了07A系列常服皮鞋、礼服皮鞋的产品特点。     

云南城市化进程中的生态环境建设

城市化进程中会产生污染严重、生态遭到破坏和环境质量差等问题。云南在城市化进程中应采取实施可持续发展等措施，加强对现存城市的整治和新设城市的保护，确立建设生态园林城市的目标和方面并努力加以实现。     

鄱阳湖沙山植物叶片与土壤C∶N、C∶P沿沙化梯度分布特征

在鄱阳湖多宝沙山沿沙化梯度测定了17种常见植物叶片及土壤有机碳(C)、全氮(N)、全磷(P)含量,以阐明沙山常见植物种与土壤C〖DK〗∶N、C〖DK〗∶P分布特征及对沙化的响应,为沙山植被恢复提供基础数据。结果表明：（1）植物叶片C〖DK〗∶N、C〖DK〗∶P分布范围为185～1273、1698～5071,平均值分别为431、3418;土壤0～10、10～30、30～50 cm层C〖DK〗∶N变化范围分别为98～463、24～465和37～450; 相应土层C〖DK〗∶P范围分别为198～759、30～905和47～765。（2）植物C〖DK〗∶N、C〖DK〗∶P对沙化的响应模式一致,均表现出在重度沙化区数值最小;土壤C〖DK〗∶N随沙化程度增加表现出降低趋势,而C〖DK〗∶P则表现出增加趋势,二者对沙化的响应不一致。（3）植物C〖DK〗∶N、C〖DK〗∶P变化主要取决于叶片的N、P含量;土壤C〖DK〗∶N的变化受控于土壤N含量;C〖DK〗∶P变化则决定于土壤有机C含量     

西南地区再生铝冶炼行业二(口恶)英大气排放

采用现场监测方式调查了西南地区5家再生铝冶炼企业废气中PCDD/Fs排放情况.结果表明,5家再生铝企业废气中PCDD/Fs浓度范围(以TEQ计,下同)为0.015~0.16 ng·m-3,平均为0.093 ng·m-3;PCDD/Fs排放因子范围为0.041~4.68μg·t-1,平均排放因子2.01μg·t-1;其中,坩埚熔炼炉的PCDD/Fs排放因子最高.各家再生铝冶炼企业废气中17种PCDD/Fs异构体分布特征差异明显.另外,仅安装了布袋除尘装置企业的废气中R PCDF/PCDD最低,为1.7;而其他安装了水冷或水喷淋设施企业的废气中R PCDF/PCDD为3.8~12.6(平均7.7).以上结果表明,再生铝冶炼企业PCDD/Fs生成机制与废气处理装置类型关系密切.本研究结果为我国制定再生铝行业排放标准和最佳可行性技术指导规范提供了技术支撑.     

Extraction and characterization of bound extracellular polymeric substances from cultured pure cyanobacterium (Microcystis wesenbergii)

Preliminary characterization of bound extracellular polymeric substances（bEPS） of cyanobacteria is crucial to obtain a better understanding of the formation mechanism of cyanobacterial bloom. However,the characterization of bEPS can be affected by extraction methods. Five sets（including the control） of bEPS from Microcystis extracted by different methods were characterized using three-dimensional excitation and emission matrix（3DEEM） fluorescence spectroscopy combined chemical spectrophotometry; and the characterization results of bEPS samples were further compared. The agents used for extraction were NaOH,pure water and phosphate buffered saline（PBS） containing cationic exchange resins,and hot water. Extraction methods affected the fluorescence signals and intensities in the bEPS. Five fluorescence peaks were observed in the excitation and emission matrix fluorescence spectra of bEPS samples. Two peaks（peaks T1 and T2） present in all extractions were identified as protein-like fluorophores,two（peaks A and C） as humic-like fluorophores,and one（peak E） as a fulvic-like substance.Among these substances,the humic-like and fulvic-like fluorescences were only seen in the bEPS extracted with hot water. Also,NaOH solution extraction could result in strong fluorescence intensities compared to the other extraction methods. It was suggested that NaOH at pH 10.0 was the most appropriate method to extract bEPS from Microcystis. In addition,dialysis could affect the yields and characteristics of extracted bEPS during the determination process. These results will help us to explore the issues of cyanobacterial blooms.     

汶川地震后羌族聚居区药用植物生态环境调查分析研究

探讨了地震灾区药用植物生态变化调查分析问题,介绍了地震灾区生态变化和中草药植物资源,主要包括地震灾区生物多样性和生态变化和地震灾区特色中草药植物资源,探讨了汶川地震后羌族聚居区的生态,主要包括地震灾区自然生态概况、地震灾区植物生态变化和地震灾区植物生态环境调查分析,分析了地震灾区生态环境对生物多样性影响,主要包括地震灾区生物多样性和羌族地区生态变化与中草药植物的关系,为地震灾区植物生态变化恢复奠定了基础。