石油降解菌群构建的研究

本实验通过初步有序组合方法将筛选得到的原油降解菌株A5、A6、YA5、YA6,十六烷降解菌株B3、YB3,萘降解菌株C3、YC3,石蜡降解菌株及产表面活性剂菌株D4共9株优良菌株进行组合后分别做液态原油降解实验,排除拮抗效应,优化互生效应,结果发现A5、YB3、YC3、D4配伍组合为最佳组合方案,此时的原油降解率达到58.6%,然后再通过正交法确定这四种菌株的配比,结果发现当A5:YB3:YC3:D4为0.5:1:0.1:0.5时对原油的降解效率最高为61.3%。     

微生物细胞絮凝物的分离筛选

本文阐述了我实验室开展的絮凝性微生物研究工作。此项研究得到絮凝性菌株3株，给出絮凝活性与生长量的关系，初步建立了适合我地区的絮凝性细菌的筛选方法。     

Influence of algal bloom degradation on nutrient release at the sediment–water interface in Lake Taihu, China

Algal bloom could drastically influence the nutrient cycling in lakes. To understand how the internal nutrient release responds to algal bloom decay, water and sediment columns were sampled at 22 sites from four distinct regions of China’s eutrophic Lake Taihu and incubated in the laboratory to examine the influence of massive algal bloom decay on nutrient release from sediment. The column experiment involved three treatments: (1) water and sediment (WS); (2) water and algal bloom (WA); and (3) water, sediment, and algal bloom (WSA). Concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), ammonium (NH ₄ ⁺ -N), and orthophosphate (PO ₄ ^3? -P) were recorded during incubation. The decay of algal material caused a more rapid decrease in DO than in the algae-free controls and led to significant increases in NH ₄ ⁺ -N and PO ₄ ^3? -P in the water. The presence of algae during the incubation had a regionally variable effect on sediment nutrient profiles. In the absence of decaying algae (treatment WS), sediment nutrient concentrations decreased during the incubation. In the presence of blooms (WSA), sediments from the river mouth released P to the overlying water, while sediments from other regions absorbed surplus P from the water. This experiment showed that large-scale algal decay will dramatically affect nutrient cycling at the sediment–water interface and would potentially transfer the function of sediment as “container” or “supplier” in Taihu, although oxygen exchange with atmosphere in lake water was stronger than in columns. The magnitude of the effect depends on the physical–chemical character of the sediments.     

阿特拉津在土壤中的吸附行为

研究了阿特拉津(AT)在3种岩性土壤中的吸附规律.探讨了离子强度、TOC和pH等因素对AT吸附的影响.结果表明:TOC对AT在土壤中吸附的影响较大;增加离子强度,会提高AT在土壤中的吸附能力;pH与AT的吸附量呈负相关.     

上海市污染源废水在线监控系统的开发与应用

为提高现场监督水平和环境管理手段，及时监控企业排放状态、运用自动监测、计算机网络、数据库、GIS等多项先进和成熟的信息技术，集成开发了上海市重点污染源废水排放实时监控分析系统。在市、区监察队和企业分设三级在线监控中心，市级监控中心主要负责对市级重点污染的在线监控，并根据环境管理部门的需求，在监控信息进行综合分析。文章着重在介绍该系统的结构、功能和技术特点。     

峨眉山风景区酸性降水的研讨

本文对峨眉山——乐山大佛风景名胜区多年来降水酸度、酸雨频率与酸性降水的地域分布以及垂直变化特征进行了研讨,并对该区酸雨与四川省酸性降水特征进行了对比。     

气相色谱法和分光光度法测定水中的黄磷方法比较研究

对气相色谱法和分光光度法测定水中黄磷的方法进行了比较.在一定浓度范围内,气相色谱法和分光光度法测定水中黄磷得到的标准工作曲线线性均良好;当取样体积为250 mL时,气相色谱法和分光光度法测定水中黄磷的检出限分别为0.1 μg/L和2.0 μg/L,均符合《地表水环境质量标准》的要求;两种方法的精密度均符合实验方法要求;方法也均具有较强的抗干扰能力;气相色谱法和分光光度法测定实际水样中的黄磷,相对偏差均小于5.0%.     

三峡小城镇污水处理厂运行现状分析及适用污水处理工艺探讨

在调查研究了三峡库区重庆段小城镇污水处理现状的基础上,根据库区水质特征、水环境保护的特殊要求和库区地理环境与经济条件特点,对适用污水处理工艺和技术进行比选,认为利用地形高差,采用跌水曝气式生物滤塔+氧化沟处理方法是适用于库区小城镇的污水处理工艺与技术.     

电热原子吸收法测定大气中微量元素镉

用HNO_3—HClO_4硝解聚氯乙烯膜,用石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定大气颗粒物中的镉,方法准确度使用标准物质,在选定的条件下,相对误差0.011％,变异系数为10.83％,回收率在90.2～101.6％,方法操作简便测定速度快。     

The Qinghai–Tibet Railway: A landmark project and its subsequent environmental challenges

The first part of this paper reviews the environment-friendly techniques implemented when the Qinghai–Tibet Railway was built. They include (1) state-of-the-art techniques to protect the permafrost in the subgrade of the railway embankment; (2) measures to avoid disturbing the species in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau; (3) efforts to minimize the disturbance of the grassland and wetland; and (4) regulation to ensure the environmental disposal of the construction waste. The second part presents the subsequent environmental challenges which, after the operation of the railway, potentially risk the fragile ecological and environmental system in the plateau. The challenges come from the skyrocketing tourists, expansive natural resource exploitation, the long-term efficiency of permafrost-protected measure, and climatic warming.