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61.
浮选工艺在国内是比较成熟的工艺,但是更先进的工艺技术在待进一步的开发和利用,借我厂污水场改扩之机,从理论上论证隐厂所选用的先进而独特的工艺技术--一级浮选采用生化出水分流的方式,此种方法能耗最低,去除率最高,值得推广和应用。 相似文献
62.
对一种富烯土型三效催化剂的性能进行了考察,结果表明:该催化剂具有较好的三效活性和较好的启燃温度特性,具有较宛的空速适应范围,在空速为84000h^-1时,CO,NOx的转化率仍在90%以上,HC转化率仍在70%以上,该催化剂具有较好的耐老化性能,经实验室快速老化实验,即相当于实车行驶8万km,CO劣化系数,1.09,HC劣化系1.05,NOx劣化系数1.06,该催化剂经桑塔纳轿车整车28工况测试,其交化效果与该车配置的美国Engelherd公司的催化剂相当。 相似文献
63.
纯净水、净化水、凉开水、自来水的水质分析及其卫生学意义 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
目的:分析比较4种常用生活饮用水的水质,为选择健康饮水提供参考。方法:按照国家卫生标准GB5750-85推荐的方法对纯净水、净化水、凉开水、管道自来水进行包括感官性状、一般化学、毒理学、细菌学指标、常量、微量元素在内的39项指标的水质分析,并参照国家卫生GB5749-85和GB17324-1998进行分析比较。结果与结论:按现行国家卫生标准评价;(1)自来水(未处理)、净化水各项指标均符合相应的国家生活饮用水卫生标准、安全卫生。(2)凉开水除铝元素含量超标外,其余亦符合国家生活饮用水卫生标准;(3)纯净水符合国家纯净水卫生标准,但所有指标数值(包括常量及微量元素)均明显低于其他三种饮用水,长期饮用后的健康效应值得深入研究。 相似文献
64.
65.
Rongshan Wu Xiaoming Song Yingchen Bai Jie Chen Qian Zhao Shuo Liu Hongbing Xu Tong Wang Baihuan Feng Yi Zhang Liuju Zhong Xuemei Wang Fengchang Wu Wei Huang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(9):67-75
With rapid economic development and urbanization in recent decades, China has experienced the worsening of ambient air quality. For better air quality management to protect human health, Chinese government revised national ambient air quality standards(NAAQS) for particulate matter(PM) in 2012(GB3095-2012). To assess the effectiveness of current NAAQS for PM on public health in Chinese population, we conducted a metaanalysis on published studies examining the mortality risk of short-term exposure to PM with aerodynamic diameters less than 10 and 2.5 μm(PM_(10) and PM_(2.5)) in China. The reported24-hour concentrations of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) in studies ranged from 43.5 to 150.1 μg/m~3 and 37.5 to 176.7 μg/m~3. In the pooled excess, mortality risk estimates of short-term exposure to PM.In specific, per 10 μg/m~3 increase in PM_(10), we observed increases of 0.40%(95%CI: 0.33%,0.47%), 0.57%(95%CI: 0.44%, 0.70%) and 0.49%(95%CI: 0.40%, 0.58%) in total, respiratory and cardiovascular mortality, per 10 μg/m~3 increase in PM_(2.5), we observed increases of 0.51%(95%CI: 0.38%, 0.63%), 0.62%(95%CI: 0.52%, 0.73%) and 0.75%(95%CI: 0.54%, 0.95%) in total,respiratory and cardiovascular mortality. Finally, we derived 125 μg/m~3 for PM_(10) and 62.5 μg/m~3 for PM_(2.5) as 24-hour recommendation values based on the pooled estimates. Our results indicated that current Chinese NAAQS for PM could be sufficient in mitigating the excess mortality risk from short-term exposure to ambient PM. However, future research on longterm exposure cohort studies in Chinese population is also essential in revising annual averages for PM in Chinese NAAQS. 相似文献
66.
Dyestuffs and heavy metal ions in water are seriously harmful to the ecological environment and human health.Three-dimensional(3 D) flowerlike Fe(OH)_3 microspheres were synthesized through a green yet low-cost injection method,for the removal of organic dyes and heavy metal ions.The Fe(OH)_3 microspheres were characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA),Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) techniques.The adsorption kinetics of Congo Red(CR) on Fe(OH)_3 microspheres obeyed the pseudo-second-order model.Cr~(6+) and Pb~(2+) adsorption behaviors on Fe(OH)_3 microspheres followed the Langmuir isotherm model.The maximum adsorption capacities of the synthesized Fe(OH)_3 were 308,52.94,and 75.64 mg/g for CR,Cr~(6+),and Pb~(2+) respectively.The enhanced adsorption performance originated from its surface properties and large specific surface area of 250 m~2/g.The microspheres also have excellent adsorption stability and recyclability.Another merit of the Fe(OH)_3 material is that it also acts as a Fenton-like catalyst.These twin functionalities(both as adsorbent and Fenton-like catalyst) give the synthesized Fe(OH)_3 microspheres great potential in the field of water treatment. 相似文献
67.
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) application is widely used to ameliorate soil acidification. To counteract soil and bacterial community response to CaCO3 application in an acidic paddy soil in southern China, a field experiment was conducted with four different dosages of CaCO3 addition, 0, 2.25, 4.5 and 7.5?tons/ha, respectively. After one seasonal growth of rice, soil physicochemical properties, soil respiration and bacterial communities were investigated. Results showed that soil pH increased accordingly with increasing dose of CaCO3 addition, and 7.5?tons/ha addition increased soil pH to neutral condition. Moderate dose of CaCO3 application (4.5?tons/ha) significantly increased soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) content, enhanced soil respiration, while the excessive CaCO3 application (7.5?tons/ha) decreased these soil properties. High-throughput sequencing results illustrated that moderate dose of CaCO3 application increased the richness and alpha diversity of soil bacterial community. Compared with control, the relative abundance of Anaerolineaceae family belonging to Chloroflexi phylum increased by 38.7%, 35.4% and 24.5% under 2.25, 4.5 and 7.5?tons/ha treatments, respectively. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that soil pH was the most important factor shaping soil bacterial community. The results of this study suggest that proper dose of CaCO3 additions to acid paddy soil in southern China could have positive effects on soil properties and bacterial community. 相似文献
68.
Yangsheng Chen Rui Sh Li Xu Yingjie Xi Yiyun Liu Xuejun Li Heidi Qunhui Xie Naijun Tang Bin Zhao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(2):368-376
Emerging evidence showed that 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) could induce expression of certain reactivation-associated genes in astrocytes, however, the consequent cellular effects and molecular mechanisms are still unclear. During the process of astrocyte reactivation, migration is a critical cellular event. In the present study, we employed wound-healing assay and Transwell® motility assay to explore the effects of TCDD on cell migration in primary cultured rat cortical astrocytes. We found that upon TCDD treatments at relative low concentrations (10? 10 and/or 10? 9?mol/L), the ability of primary astrocytes to migrate horizontally and vertically was promoted. In line with this cellular effect, the mRNA expression of two pro-migratory genes, including cell division cycle 42 (CDC42) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) was induced by TCDD treatment. Dioxin exerts its toxic effects mainly through aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. So the role of AhR pathway in the pro-migratory effects of TCDD was examined using an AhR antagonist, CH223191. We found that application of CH223191 significantly reversed the pro-migratory effects of TCDD. Interestingly, the basal ability of horizontal migration as well as basal levels of CDC42 and MMP2 expression were dramatically reduced suggesting a possible physiological role of AhR in maintaining the endogenous migration ability of the primary astrocytes. These findings support the notion that dioxin promotes astrocyte reactivation at molecular and cellular levels. 相似文献
69.
Shanzhi Xin Wei Gao Dandan Cao Kun Lv Yaquan Liu Chunyan Zhao Yawei Wang Guibin Jiang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(1):378-387
The increasing production and usage of chlorinated paraffins(CPs) correspondently increase the amount of CPs that experience thermal processes. Our previous study revealed that a significant amount of medium-chain chlorinated paraffins(MCCPs), short-chain chlorinated paraffins(SCCPs) as well as aromatic and chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(Cl-PAHs) were formed synergistically during the thermal decomposition of CP-52(a class of CP products).However, the transformation mechanisms of CP-52 to these compounds are still not very clear.This article presents a mechanistic analysis on the decomposition of CP-52 experimentally and theoretically. It was found that CP-52 initially undergoes dehydrochlorination and carbon chain cleavage and it transformed into chlorinated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Cyclization and aromatization were the most accessible pathways at low temperatures(200–400°C), both of which produce mostly aromatic hydrocarbons. As the temperature exceeds 400°C, the hydrocarbons could decompose into small molecules, and the subsequent radical-induced reactions become the predominant pathways, leading to the formation of Cl-PAHs. The decomposition of CP-52 was investigated by using density functional theory and calculations demonstrating the feasibility and rationality of PCB and PCN formation from chlorobenzene. The results improve the understanding of the transformation processes from CP-52 to SCCPs and Cl-PAHs as well as provide data for reducing their emissions during thermal-related processes. 相似文献
70.
Chin-Tsan Wang Thangavel Sangeeth Wei-Mon Yan Wen-Tong Chong Lip-Huat Saw Feng Zhao Chung-Ta Chang Chen-Hao Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(1):163-168
Single-chamber sediment microbial fuel cells(SSMFCs) have received considerable attention nowadays because of their unique dual-functionality of power generation and enhancement of wastewater treatment performance. Thus, scaling up or upgrading SSMFCs for enhanced and efficient performance is a highly crucial task. Therefore, in order to achieve this goal, an innovative physical technique of using interface layers with four different pore sizes embedded in the middle of SSMFCs was utilized in this study.Experimental results showed that the performance of SSMFCs employing an interface layer was improved regardless of the pore size of the interface material, compared to those without such layers. The use of an interface layer resulted in a positive and significant effect on the performance of SSMFCs because of the effective prevention of oxygen diffusion from the cathode to the anode. Nevertheless, when a smaller pore size interface was utilized, better power performance and COD degradation were observed. A maximum power density of 0.032 mW/m~2 and COD degradation of 47.3% were obtained in the case of an interface pore size of 0.28 μm. The findings in this study are of significance to promote the future practical application of SSMFCs in wastewater treatment plants. 相似文献