环境污染事故调查诊断中的因果关系分析

因果关系分析与确定是整个环境污染事故调查诊断的核心，探讨了环境污染事故处理中因果关系的特点，因果关系分析基本原则和内容，因果关系分析的基本步骤，并简介环境污染事故中因果关系推定原则和环境暴露分析方法。     

Climatic change and urbanization effect in China

Climatic change and urbanization effect in China during the last 39 years were investigated. It is found that a warming of about 0.23℃ for the annual temperature has been noticed from 1951 to 1989. The warmings of about 0.78 ℃ in winter and 0.34 3℃ in spring have been shown. It is also presented that a cooling of about -0.27℃ in summer has been indicated. The bigger cities are warmer than smaller cities in China. The dried trends in the annual precipitation during the last 39 years were presented. The precipitation decreased obviously in summer all over China. The bigger cities were drier than smaller cities.     

Sensitivity experiments and assessment of climatic changes in China induced by greenhouse effect

Climatic changes can be separated into two parts: natural changes -and human activity influenced on climatic changes. The observed data could not only show the effects caused by human activity. Several simulated results as simulated by the GCMs induced by the greenhouse effects in China .have been analysed. It is shown that an obvious warming of about 3-6℃ in winter and 2-5℃ in summer in China as simulated by the GCMs induced by doubling CO2 have been found. There are getting drier or wetter regions in China due to doubled CO2 as simulated by most of models. Comparing the simulated results with the observed data in China, some simulated results are able to be believed. The GCMs should be improved, especially in the regional areas.     

Dobbins-Camp水质模型的修正

对多宾斯 坎普 (Dobbins Camp)水质模型进行了修正 ;并分别运用传统多宾斯 坎普模型和修正模型 ,对某河段实测资料进行BOD、D(氧亏 )计算 ,比较两者之间的异同 ,及分析溶解氧对有机物降解的影响     

取代苯甲酸在天然河流中的生物降解及其定量结构--生物降解性相关研究

以天然河流水作为微生物源 ,采用碘量法测定了 2 0种苯甲酸类化合物的 5日生化需氧量 ,并以其占理论需氧量的百分数作为表征生物降解性的参数 ,得出各类取代苯甲酸类化合物的生物降解能力为 :羟基 >氨基 >羧基 >甲氧基 >氯基 >硝基 ;对于同一种取代基 ,对位取代基化合物生物降解能力最大 ,而邻位、间位取代基化合物生物降解能力大体相同。计算了苯甲酸类化合物的分子连接性指数 ,并以 5日生化需氧量占理论需氧量的百分数为参数建立了 QSBR模型。分析结果表明 ,分子连接性指数5Xvpc、5Xp- 5Xvp 能较好地反映取代苯甲酸的生物降解性     

Water solubility enhancements of PAHs by sodium castor oil sulfonate microemulsions

Water solubility enhancements of naphthalene( Naph), phenantherene(Phen) and pyrene(Py) in sodium castor oil sulfonate(SCOS) microemulsions were evaluated. The apparent solubilities of PAHs are linearly propertional to the concentrations of SCOS microemulsion, and the enhancement extent by SCOS solutions is greater than that by ordinary surfactants on the basis of weight solubilization ratio(WSR). ThelogKcm values of Naph, Phen, and Py are 3.13, 4.44 and 5.01 respectively, which are about the same as the logKow values. At 5000 mg/L of SCOS conccentration, the apparent solubilities are 8.80, 121, and 674 times as the intrinsic solubilities for Naph, Phen, and Py. The effects of inorganic ions and temperature on the solubilization of solutes are also investigated. The solubilization is improved with a moderate addition of Ca^2 , Na^ , NH4^ and the mixture of Na^ , K^ , Ca^2 , Mg^2 and NH4^ . WSR values are enhanced by 22.0% for Naph,23.4% for Phen, and 24.6% for Py with temperature increasing by 5~C. The results indicated that SCOS microemulsions improve the performance of the surfactant-enhanced remediation(SER) of soil, by increasing solubilities of organic pollutants and reducing the level of surfactant pollution and remediation expenses.     

海水养殖对近岸生态环境的影响

海水养殖对近岸生态环境的影响一般包括它对养殖水休自身生态环境的污染和对近海水域生态环境的破坏两个方面。它对养殖水体的污染主要是营养物的污染、药物的使用污染以及底泥的富集污染 ,而它对近海生态环境的破坏主要表现为对近岸海洋生物生态系统的破坏和沿岸滩涂、红树林资源的破坏。本文就海水养殖对近海生态环境的影响作了详细的综述 ,然后从调整生态结构和改善管理水平出发 ,提出了为海水养殖可持续发展可采取的措施和对策。     

Sustainable development pattern and the strategy in the three Gorges Reservoir Areas

The development pattern,development situation,and existing problems of land exploitation in Zigui County,Three Gorges Reservoir Areas of China were presented.The sustainable development mode and its strategy in the Three Gorges Reservoir Areas was also discussed.A sustainable development framework for low mountain regions,middle mountain regions and high mountain regions was developed,and management countermeasures for structural optimization of complex ecosystems were advanced.     

佳木斯台形变观测对东北地区几次浅震“场兆”异常的探讨

大地震在主破裂前往往行成地壳变形,高应力作用下进入峰值后的变形阶段,反映到地倾斜观测日均值曲线上,表现为固体潮形变趋势异常,这些异常能否指示远距离的地震,近年来不少研究者发现,远场前兆往往出现在对应力、应变变化反应灵敏的特殊构造部位。佳木斯台可能处于这种特殊的构造部位,对东北地区浅源地震短期前兆异常“场兆”的趋势性变化具有一定的意义。     

危险化学品活性反应危害及混配危险的规则研究（X）

卤素指周期表中第ⅦA族元素。由于卤素单质具有很高的化学活泼性，常常与活泼金属形成离子型盐，其中卤素是-1价阴离子。除氟外，卤素均显正氧化态（＋1，＋3，＋5，＋7），其化合物的键是极性共价键，其中最典型的是氯、溴、碘的含氧化合物和卤问化合物。在含氧化合物中常包含卤素与氧原子问的双键。