Sulfur speciation and bioaccumulation in camphor tree leaves as atmospheric sulfur indicator analyzed by synchrotron radiation XRF and XANES

Analyzing and understanding the effects of ambient pollution on plants is getting more and more attention as a topic of environmental biology.A method based on synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy was established to analyze the sulfur concentration and speciation in mature camphor tree leaves (CTLs),which were sampled from 5 local fields in Shanghai,China.Annual SO2 concentration,SO42-concentration in atmospheric particulate,SO42-and sulfur concentration in soil were also analyzed to explore the relationship between ambient sulfur sources and the sulfur nutrient cycling in CTLs.Total sulfur concentration in mature camphor tree leaves was 766-1704 mg/kg.The mainly detected sulfur states and their corresponding compounds were +6 (sulfate,include inorganic sulfate and organic sulfate),+5.2 (sulfonate),+2.2 (suloxides),+0.6 (thiols and thiothers),+0.2 (organic sulfides).Total sulfur concentration was strongly correlated with sulfate proportion with a linear correlation coefficient up to 0.977,which suggested that sulfur accumulated in CTLs as sulfate form.Reduced sulfur compounds (organic sulfides,thiols,thioethers,sulfoxide and sulfonate) assimilation was sufficed to meet the nutrient requirement for growth at a balanced level around 526 mg/kg.The sulfate accumulation mainly caused by atmospheric sulfur pollution such as SO2 and airborne sulfate particulate instead of soil contamination.From urban to suburb place,sulfate in mature CTLs decreased as the atmospheric sulfur pollution reduced,but a dramatic increase presented near the seashore,where the marine sulfate emission and maritime activity pollution were significant.The sulfur concentration and speciation in mature CTLs effectively represented the long-term biological accumulation of atmospheric sulfur pollution in local environment.     

分流比对土壤渗滤系统脱氮效果的影响研究

针对污染物浓度较高的养猪废水,开展了不同分流比条件下土壤渗滤系统处理效果的对比研究,并分析了分流比对系统中脱氮微生物数量及氧化还原电位(ORP)变化的影响.试验结果表明,分流比对土壤渗滤系统的脱氮效果影响较大,而对COD、TSS和TP的去除效果无明显影响,当水力负荷(HLR)为0.01m3·m-2·d-1且分流比为1∶2时,系统对TN的去除效果最好,平均去除率达80.20%,而对其他污染物的平均去除率均可达90%以上;分流比可影响土壤渗滤系统中脱氮微生物的数量,分流比的增大可促进系统中反硝化细菌数量的增加,强化系统的脱氮效果;另外,分流比还可影响系统填料层中ORP的变化.因此,根据系统进水水质选择合适的分流比,是强化土壤渗滤系统脱氮效果的关键因素.     

硝化细菌单菌分离方式的探讨

通过2种单菌分离方式即直接分离和先富集再分离,利用选择性培养基获得转化NO2-→NO3-的硝化细菌,根据化学法和离子色谱法检测不同分离方法得到的单菌的硝化速率,结果表明先富集再分离所得菌株的硝化速率显著高于直接分离的菌株.     

一种有机硅改性丙烯酸防污涂料的研究

目的通过在丙烯酸树脂分子中引入有机硅,制备一种具有低表面能的有机硅改性丙烯酸树脂CP-CC021。方法探讨合成工艺中有机硅单体和引发剂含量以及添加纳米级Si O2粒子填料对涂层性能的影响规律。结果获得了最大接触角的最佳工艺条件,添加纳米Si O2粒子增大了涂层的表面粗糙度,在涂层表面形成了大量微-纳结构状的突起,显著提高涂层的疏水性能。结论有机硅单体(VTMS)质量分数为23.0%,引发剂(AIBN)质量分数为0.50%,纳米Si O2粒子添加量(质量分数)为7.4%,得到的涂层接触角为126.1°。     

中─高级变质相中水热流体的形成与作用

固体地壳中流体是普遍存在的，中—高级变质相中的矿物并非只发生晶体塑性变形，溶解和溶移作用在非糜棱岩化岩石中占主导地位，因为高温高压环境下存在的水热流体，在变质变形作用中起着至关重要的作用。在周围分布有网络状进进剪切带的递进缩短带中，与应交梯度有直接关系的单个矿物的位错密度梯度在其晶体边缘形成，产生了化学位梯度，从而使矿物边缘发生溶解。变形分解作用是产生这一过程的动力，并为流体汇聚形成水热循环系统提供了空间。     

牡丹江流域水质变化趋势及水环境污染特征研究

通过对牡丹江近10年水质监测、评价及变化趋势研究,采用单项污染指数评价法、环境功能区达标评价法,评价牡丹江丰水期、平水期、枯水期水质现状,给出超标项目与超标倍数,计算污染分担率、污染负荷比,绘制主要污染物各断面浓度变化图,总结牡丹江污染特点和水质变化趋势,得出牡丹江水环境污染特征,为环境管理提供科学依据。     

原油加热炉炉管剩余寿命评估

根据加热炉炉管温度分布,提出了加热炉炉管剩余寿命评估方法:即炉管蠕变损伤后剩余寿命的评估和腐蚀损伤后剩余寿命的评估,采用此方法对在用加热炉进行了评估,并对评价结果进行了验证.     

Relation of lead adsorption on birnessites with different average oxidation states of manganese and release of Mn^2＋/H^＋/K^＋

The characteristics of Pb2+ adsorption on the surface of birnessites with different average oxidation states (AOS) of Mn, synthesized under acidic and alkali conditions, were investigated. The results indicated that the amount of adsorbed Pb2+ increased with the increase of Mn AOS in birnessites. The amount of Pb2+ adsorbed positively correlated with the amount of released Mn2+, H+, and K+ (r = 0.9962 > 0.6614, n = 14, α = 0.01). The released Mn2+, H+, and K+ were derived mostly from the corresponding catio...     

用综合除藻法治理滇池蓝藻污染

本文应用国内外多年来关于湖泊富营养化治理的研究成果,归纳得出生化综合除藻法治理滇池蓝藻的有效方法阐明其机理,并在国家湖泊环境治理重点滇池外草海进行试验,取得了重要成果,为治理高原湖泊富营养化提供了经验.     

天然河流纵向离散系数的最优化计算方法及其应用

提出了计算天然河流纵向离散系数的最优化方法，并用此法对岷江蕨溪段的试验数据进行处理，计算出了该段河流的纵向离散系数。