Sustainable development pattern and the strategy in the three Gorges Reservoir Areas

The development pattern,development situation,and existing problems of land exploitation in Zigui County,Three Gorges Reservoir Areas of China were presented.The sustainable development mode and its strategy in the Three Gorges Reservoir Areas was also discussed.A sustainable development framework for low mountain regions,middle mountain regions and high mountain regions was developed,and management countermeasures for structural optimization of complex ecosystems were advanced.     

佳木斯台形变观测对东北地区几次浅震“场兆”异常的探讨

大地震在主破裂前往往行成地壳变形,高应力作用下进入峰值后的变形阶段,反映到地倾斜观测日均值曲线上,表现为固体潮形变趋势异常,这些异常能否指示远距离的地震,近年来不少研究者发现,远场前兆往往出现在对应力、应变变化反应灵敏的特殊构造部位。佳木斯台可能处于这种特殊的构造部位,对东北地区浅源地震短期前兆异常“场兆”的趋势性变化具有一定的意义。     

Effects of environmental factors on the production and release of matrix-bound phosphine from lake sediments

Effects of pH, temperature, and oxygen on the production and release of phosphine in eutrophic lake sediments were investigated under laboratory tests. Results indicated that the elimination of matrix-bound phosphine was accelerated under initial pH 1 or 12. Phosphine levels could reach maximum under initial pH 10. The contents of phosphine increased with the addition of alkali under pH 4–12. The rates of phosphine production and release from lake sediments varied with temperature. 20°C was the most favorable temperature for the production of matrix-bound phosphine. Oxygen showed little effect on matrix-bound phosphine. Matrix-bound phosphine concentrations in lake sediments were concluded to be dependent on a balance of natural generation and depletion processes. Translated from Acta Scientise Circumstantiae, 2005, 25(5): 681–685 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

Acid resistance of methanogenic bacteria in a two-stage anaerobic process treating high concentration methanol Wastewater

In this study, the two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) system and batch experiments were employed to evaluate the performance of anaerobic digestion for the treatment of high concentration methanol wastewater. The acid resistance of granular sludge and methanogenic bacteria and their metabolizing activity were investigated. The results show that the pH of the first UASB changed from 4.9 to 5.8 and 5.5 to 6.2 for the second reactor. Apparently, these were not the advisable pH levels that common methanogenic bacteria could accept. The methanogenic bacteria of the system, viz. Methanosarcina barkeri, had some acid resistance and could still degrade methanol at pH 5.0. If the methanogenic bacteria were trained further, their acid resistance would be improved somewhat. Granular sludge of the system could protect the methanogenic bacteria within its body against the impact of the acidic environment and make them degrade methanol at pH 4.5. The performance of granular sludge was attributed to its structure, bacteria species, and the distribution of bacterium inside the granule. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2004, 24(4): 633–636 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

Spatial distribution of ecological security status assessment of West-Liaohe River based on geographic information system

Eco-security assessment is a hot research area in resource and environmental science, which involves data with much spatial, non-linear, and random features. Geographic information system (GIS), as a useful tool to analyze and manage spatial information, has a superior advantage in this field. A case study in the western part of the Liaohe River featuring a method of eco-security spatial differences (ESSD) based on GIS is developed in this paper. The method includes four steps: 1) developing the pressure-state-response (P-S-R) framework with site data; 2) digitizing West-Liaohe River and setting its GRID database of ecosecurity assessment indicators; 3) figuring out the relative membership degree (RMD) of eco-security indicators by using the analytical hierarchy process with the weight of indicator; 4) classifying the security zone and mapping the assessment result of eco-security status in grid by GIS method of assigning and clustering. The visual spatial differences of eco-security based on GIS enables decision makers to know the status of eco-security better in making policies for achieving sustainability. __________ Translated from Environmental Science, 2005, 26(5): 28–33 [译自: 环境科学]     

危险化学品活性反应危害及混配危险的规则研究（X）

卤素指周期表中第ⅦA族元素。由于卤素单质具有很高的化学活泼性，常常与活泼金属形成离子型盐，其中卤素是-1价阴离子。除氟外，卤素均显正氧化态（＋1，＋3，＋5，＋7），其化合物的键是极性共价键，其中最典型的是氯、溴、碘的含氧化合物和卤问化合物。在含氧化合物中常包含卤素与氧原子问的双键。     

含硫污水系统耐蚀材料的筛选与应用

针对西北地区一综合炼油厂含硫污水管线的严重腐蚀问题，分析了腐蚀原因，确立了材料筛选方案，通过实验室静态挂片试验绘制了重量损失率变化曲线和现场挂片等试验手段，筛选推荐出了树脂玻璃钢耐蚀材料。工业生产应用结果表明，MFE-2型树脂玻璃钢是适用于该厂含硫污水系统的耐蚀材料，为类似装置的长周期运行提供了借鉴和经验。     

丁基锡化合物在水体悬浮颗粒物上的吸附行为研究

将海河河口表层底泥制成悬浮颗粒物（ＳＰＭ），采用批量平衡法首次研究了模拟河口条件下三丁基锡（ＴＢＴ）和二丁基锡（ＤＢＴ）在该ＳＰＭ上的吸附行为．结果表明，ＴＢＴ和ＤＢＴ均能在ＳＰＭ上发生吸附，尤以ＴＢＴ更为显著．吸附速率可用Ｋｕｏ和Ｌａｋｅ的经验公式描述；吸附过程受ＳＰＭ的浓度及ＴＯＣ含量、ｐＨ值、温度、腐殖酸浓度和盐度影响．实际河口水样中的ＳＰＭ对ＴＢＴ和ＤＢＴ的吸附百分率也较高，因此ＳＰＭ是ＴＢＴ和ＤＢＴ归趋的重要场所，去除ＳＰＭ可使水体得到一定净化．     

脱硫用煤基吸附剂的试验研究

进行了以煤为原料制备脱硫用吸附剂的实验研究，其中应用炭化与活化的方法，以对ＳＯ２吸附能力为衡量标准，系统地考察了样品在制备过程中不同温度，不同温升速率及时间对ＳＯ２吸附分离能力的影响，力求找出相应的最佳处理过程，并对机理进行探讨。     

北京市二个主要工业区汞污染及其来源的初步研究

为了调查北京市汞污染状况及其来源，选择二个主要工业区石景山区和朝阳区为研究对象．共采集表层土壤２６个，剖面样品４个，对照土壤样品４个，并且在冬季采集降雪样品和枯叶样品，分析汞含量．结果表明，燃煤烟尘排放的汞是北京市汞的主要来源，汽车尾气和化工厂泄漏可使局部汞含量增高，表层土壤中汞含量为００７—２７５ｍｇ／ｋｇ．土壤剖面中的汞含量在０—１００ｃｍ土层中均较高，其含量与土壤有机质和碳酸盐含量正相关．降雪中汞在０７—３７ｍｇ／Ｌ之间，明显高于背景值，其中大部分吸附在颗粒物上．枯叶中汞主要是从土壤吸收，并且有可能被雨水淋溶出来．