Quantitative analysis of the relationship between land use and urbanization development in typical arid areas

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - As the most sensitive and typical oasis city in the arid region of China, Jiayuguan, the role of land use change and urbanization in this region is...     

Contamination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in a typical marine aquaculture farm: source tracking of ARGs in reared aquatic organisms

Abstract

Although the prevalence and concentrations of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquaculture is receiving increasing scientific interest, there is little understanding of the direct sources and dissemination pathways of ARGs in marine aquaculture-reared organisms. This study investigated the dynamics of ARGs and the bacterial community throughout the rearing period in a typical marine aquaculture farm in South China. The results demonstrated that sul1 and qnrD were predominant in the sediment, and qnrD and qnrA were predominant in the intestinal tracts of shrimps. Network analysis showed that the chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, suspended solids, and total phosphorus were positively correlated with the predominant ARGs. The results of the network and source tracking analyses indicate that environmental factors and the bacterial community may drive the dissemination of ARGs dissemination in the environment and in shrimp reared by marine aquaculture, and sediment is the most direct and important medium in this dissemination. These results aid in improving our understanding of the sources, level, and dissemination of ARGs in marine aquaculture.     

添加牛粪和园林废弃物对污泥蚯蚓堆肥的影响

为研究污泥中添加不同比例的牛粪和园林废弃物对蚯蚓堆肥的影响,在实验室进行了为期60 d的堆肥实验,测定了堆肥物料的理化性质以及蚯蚓的存活率、平均体重、产茧量的变化情况。结果表明,100%污泥不适合蚯蚓的生长繁殖,添加牛粪/园林废弃物后可以显著改善蚯蚓的生长繁殖,进而提高蚯蚓的存活率和产茧量;污泥比例较低时,添加牛粪处理组的累计产茧量要高于添加园林废弃物的处理组,但当污泥比例大于25%时,添加园林废弃物的污泥更适合蚯蚓繁殖。冗余分析结果表明,pH、TN对蚯蚓的生长和繁殖起着重要的作用。蚯蚓堆肥可以改善物料的理化状况,提高堆肥产物中氮、磷、钾的养分含量,加速污泥的稳定化,提高其肥料价值。     

吹扫捕集/GC-冷原子荧光法测定包装饮用水中烷基汞

采用吹扫捕集/气相色谱-冷原子荧光法测定包装饮用水中烷基汞(甲基汞和乙基汞)。通过优化试剂和仪器条件,使方法在0.100 ng/L～10.0 ng/L范围内线性良好。当取样体积为25 mL时,甲基汞和乙基汞的方法检出限分别为0.005 5 ng/L和0.004 2 ng/L,市售某品牌包装饮用天然泉水3个质量浓度水平的加标回收率为90.5%～106%,6次测定结果的RSD为0.4%～1.9%。将该方法用于各品牌包装饮用水样品的测定,甲基汞和乙基汞均为未检出。     

超声波净化石油污染土壤实验研究

为研究超声波技术处理石油污染土壤的影响因素,选取了土壤含油量、土水比、土壤类型、超声处理时间和超声功率5个因素进行了具有交互作用的正交实验,并讨论了各因素对土壤中石油污染物清除率的影响。实验结果表明超声波对土壤中石油污染物的净化效果明显,总石油烃(TPH)的清除率在23.0%到77.3%之间,土壤类型对净化效果的影响最为显著,粘土中的TPH清除率显著低于砂土。由超声空化引起的解吸作用和真空抽滤是实验过程中土壤TPH减少的主要途径。研究结果表明超声波技术用于石油污染土壤修复是可行并且有效果的。     

可燃固废复合燃料的固硫固氯效果

以可燃垃圾、污水污泥和煤粉为原料,添加园林残余、固硫剂等按L16(45)正交表配料,采用机械成型设备制备固废复合燃料,研究燃料组分对固硫固氯效果的影响。固硫率、固氯率实验数据的极差、方差分析结果显示:CaO添加量对固硫率、固氯率的影响最显著;MnO2添加量对固氯率的影响仅次于CaO添加量,但对固硫率没有影响。运用ForStat 2.0统计软件建立了固硫率、固氯率指标的预测方程,置信度大于95%。应用综合评分法筛选出最佳固硫固氯效果的燃料制备配方为:A2B3C2D3,即垃圾、污泥、煤粉以2∶1∶1比例混合,园林残余为10%,助燃剂MnO2添加量为0.17%,固硫剂CaO添加1.2%时所制备的燃料,燃烧中固硫率可达74.55%,固氯率可达77.35%。     

Fine Particulate Pollution Characteristics in Jinan City

The characteristics of fine particulate pollution(PM10and PM25)were measured at urban and suburban sites in Jinan during the 2008-2009 heating and non-heating seasons.The results showed that PM10 and PM2.5 pollution was quite serious,and PM mass concentration was higher during the heating season than the non-heating season.PM was the highest in the chemical factory and lowest in the development zone.The mass concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were linearly related,and the mass concentration ratio of PM2.5/PM10 was up to 0.59 in urban areas.PM pollution in Jinan was related to local meteorological factors: PM2.5 mass concentration and humidity were positively correlated,and PM2.5mass concentration was negatively correlated with both click on the temperature and wind speed,although wind speed varied more.     

Homology modeling of anti-parathion antibody and its interaction with organophosphorous pesticides and analogues

The mechanism of specific recognition in pesticide immunochemistry was investigated by computer-based strategy, and a rapid method for the identification of antibody specificity was developed. Based on the previously produced anti-parathion monoclonal antibody (mAb), the DNA sequence was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). From the translated amino acid sequences, a three-dimensional structure of the antibody was constructed by homology modeling method, and then it was coordinated by 1 ns molecular dynamics under the explicit solvent condition. The stereochemical property and folding quality were further assessed by Procheck and Profile-3D. The self-compatibility score for the antibody model was 98.7, which was greater than the low score 46.2 and close to the top score 102.6. In addition, parathion and several structural analogues were docked to the constructed antibody structure. The docking results showed that the interaction energy (-40.54 kcal/mol) of antibody-parathion complex was the lowest among all the tested pesticides, which accounted for the high specificity of the antibody to parathion and perfectly matched with the experimental data. Moreover, three residues, Phe165, Asp107 and Thr100 were recognized as the most important residues for antibody reacting with parathion. The interaction energy negatively correlated with the antibody specificity.     

矿化垃圾反应床出水对植物发芽与幼苗生长的影响

通过测定植物种子萌发率、萌根数、根长、幼根鲜质量、芽长和幼芽鲜质量这6个指标,考察了矿化垃圾反应床出水对大麦和玉米2种植物的毒性。结果表明,垃圾渗滤液经三级矿化垃圾反应床处理后,其出水中的COD、BOD5、NH4+-N和大肠菌数虽然较低,但仍会对植物的生长产生抑制作用;随着处理时间的延长,抑制作用更显著;同时,不同植物对矿化垃圾反应床出水毒性的敏感程度不同,同一植物的不同部位其敏感程度也不同。