塑料废弃物污染的综合治理研究进展

近年来,随着经济的发展,废旧塑料大幅增加,塑料废弃物所造成污染已经成为了破坏环境的主要因素之一.塑料废弃物污染即所谓的白色污染,主要是由废旧塑料高分子的不可降解性和添加剂的毒害性引起的.文章在对白色污染产生的背景及其污染危害的基础上,讨论了治理白色污染的治理的两个方面,一方面对可降解塑料和对废旧塑料的回收再生两个主要的技术研究开发方向进行了综述和展望,详细介绍了光降解塑料、光-生物双降解塑料和生物降解塑料的研发进展,并对填埋、焚烧和再生三种塑料废弃物的处理方法进行了详细的分析;另一方面就立足循环经济理论,加强政策法规的运用,同时加强宣传教育等方面的问题进行了讨论,并提出了相应的对策.     

往复隔板絮凝池流场数值模拟及混凝效果分析

对往复隔板絮凝池内的流场进行了数值模拟 ,并根据絮凝池的工作特征分析了水流状态对混凝效果的影响。结果表明絮凝池转弯处过水断面面积A_1 与廊道过水断面面积A_2 的比值A =A_1 / A_2 ,这一影响流场紊流动能的设计参数的最佳范围是 1 2～ 1 5。按此设计参数设计的往复隔板絮凝池模型的混凝反应效率是比较理想的。     

垂直气井和横向气管收集填埋气的特性比较

以欧洲最大的一家垃圾填埋场的运行为实例,分别从集气质量、抽吸负压、投资费用等方面,对垂直气井和横向气管2种不同的集气方式进行分析比较,总结其各自的特点及适用范围,为国内卫生填埋场的建设及运行控制提供参照和建议。     

臭氧化法水处理技术

对臭氧化法水处理中不同技术问题分类进行了探讨。通过对臭氧的生成技术,臭氧的产生机理及在水中的氧化机理,供臭氧发生器使用的中频脉冲电源的阐述,证明了臭氧化法在水处理中的可行性和实用性。     

生化黄腐酸对污染水体生物修复的强化作用

研究了生化黄腐酸（BFA）对污染水体生物修复的强化作用。生化黄腐酸能提高水体中微生物活性,加快微生物对目标污染物的降解。在污染水体生物修复强化作用的试验中,投加生化黄腐酸,CODCr、NH3-N、TP和浊度的去除率分别增加了29．47％、20．61％、35％和19．86％,同时有利于水体DO的提升。     

循环经济与中国发展的C模式

循环经济是资源节约型和环境友好型社会的发展模式。中国未来的经济社会发展可以有三种模式：A模式——高消耗．高增长和高污染的强物质化模式：B模式——经济与环境绝对脱钩的减物质化模式：C模式——按照循环经济原则有较高资源生产率的发展模式。本文对比了循环经济模式与传统经济模式的差异．指出中国应该选择适合中国当前重化工业发展阶段的循环经济发展模式．即C模式。     

现代环境治理:圆明园整治的环境启示

目前,圆明园整治工程引起的全社会环境保护大讨论极大地激发了公民环境意识,也体现了环境公民精神和现代环境治理理念。广大环境公民社会组织或各种形式的NGO参与环境治理标志着中国环境公民社会的兴起,也意味着中国环境保护的新的希望。本文依据西方环境治理与环境善治理论对圆明园整治工程前后反映出的环境治理理念进行梳理,提出树立现代治理理念、构建环境公民社会、促进构建和谐社会的倡议。     

Denitrification and phosphorus uptake by DPAOs using nitrite as an electron acceptor by step-feed strategies

Denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms (DPAOs) using nitrite as an electron acceptor can reduce more energy. However, nitrite has been reported to have an inhibition on denitrifying phosphorus removal. In this study, the step-feed strategy was proposed to achieve low nitrite concentration, which can avoid or relieve nitrite inhibition. The results showed that denitrification rate, phosphorus uptake rate and the ratio of the phosphorus uptaken to nitrite denitrified (anoxic P/N ratio) increased when the nitrite concentration was 15 mg·L^-1 after step-feeding nitrite. The maximum denitrification rate and phosphorus uptake rate was 12.73 mg NO2-–N·g MLSS-1?h-1 and 18.75 mg PO43-–P·g MLSS-1?h-1, respectively. These rates were higher than that using nitrate (15 mg·L^-1) as an electron acceptor. The maximum anoxic P/N ratio was 1.55 mg PO43--P?mg NO2--N-1. When the nitrite concentration increased from 15 to 20 mg NO2--N?L-1 after addition of nitrite, the anoxic phosphorus uptake was inhibited by 64.85%, and the denitrification by DPAOs was inhibited by 61.25%. Denitrification rate by DPAOs decreased gradually when nitrite (about 20 mg·L^-1) was added in the step-feed SBR. These results indicated that the step-feed strategy can be used to achieve denitrifying phosphorus removal using nitrite as an electron acceptor, and nitrite concentration should be maintained at low level (<15 mg·L^-1 in this study).     

固相微萃取(SPME)技术在水质监测中的应用

固相微萃取技术(SPME)作为一种样品前处理技术,具有方便、快捷、不使用有机溶剂、灵敏度高、价格低廉等优点,已被广泛地应用于环境样品的分析.本文综合评述了采用SPME法预处理环境水体中的有机物、无机离子等污染物的监测情况,并对SPME法在环境水质监测中的应用以及对国外的研究进展进行了展望.     

Levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in China and chemometric analysis of potential emission sources

Aimed to give a preliminary image of dioxin pollution in China, chemometric analysis was performed to determine background dioxin levels during the period 1994-2002 and potential emission sources. Using principal components analysis (PCA), the congener profiles of 71 sediment samples from rivers, lakes, and sea bays around China were compared with the congener profiles of various known or suspected industrial, residential, and municipal dioxin sources to determine whether the dioxin residues typically found in a broad range of potential environmental sources could explain the presence of these chemicals in China. It was found that the background dioxin levels of China were similar to those of lightly polluted samples from other countries during the period 1994-2002. Primary ferrous ore sintering and secondary lead and aluminum smelters were the major sources of dioxin emission in China. Chloranil and wastewater from chemical plants, sodium pentachlorophenate, and pulp bleaching were also important sources of dioxin emission. Open burning of e-waste as well as diesel-fueled and leaded gas-fueled vehicles were additional possible sources of dioxin. In contrast to other countries, in China, flue gases from incineration of municipal waste, hazardous waste, and medical waste might be minor sources of dioxin emission.