New molecular method to detect denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation bacteria from different environmental niches

The denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation is an ecologically important process for reducing the potential methane emission into the atmosphere. The responsible bacterium for this process was Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera belonging to the bacterial phylum of NC10. In this study, a new pair of primers targeting all the five groups of NC10 bacteria was designed to amplify NC10 bacteria from different environmental niches. The results showed that the group A was the dominant NC10 phylum bacteria from the sludges and food waste digestate while in paddy soil samples, group A and group B had nearly the same proportion. Our results also indicated that NC10 bacteria could exist in a high pH environment (pH 9.24) from the food waste treatment facility. The Pearson relationship analysis showed that the pH had a significant positive relationship with the NC10 bacterial diversity (p < 0.05). The redundancy analysis further revealed that the pH, volatile solid and nitrite nitrogen were the most important factors in shaping the NC10 bacterial structure (p = 0.01) based on the variation inflation factors selection and Monte Carlo test (999 times). Results of this study extended the existing molecular tools for studying the NC10 bacterial community structures and provided new information on the ecological distributions of NC10 bacteria.     

Characteristics of the pollutant emissions in a tunnel of Shanghai on a weekday

Tunnel displays a typical semi-closed environment, and multitudes of the pollutants tend to accumulate. The samples of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter(PM) were collected from the Xiangyin tunnel at Shanghai to investigate the characteristics of the pollutant emissions. The results indicated that both gaseous pollutants and PM exhibited much higher concentrations during the rush hours in the morning and at night due to vehicle emission. Two peaks of the PM concentration were observed in the scope of 0.7‐1.1 and 3.3–4.7 μm, accounting for 14.6% and 20.3% of the total concentrations, respectively.Organic matter(OM), EC, and many water-soluble ions were markedly higher at the rush hours in the morning than those at night, implicating comprehensive effects of vehicle types and traffic volume. The particle number concentrations exhibited two peaks at Aitken mode(25 nm and 100 nm) and accumulation mode(600 nm), while the particle volume concentration displayed high values at the accumulation mode(100–500 nm) and coarse mode(2.5–4.0 μm). The peak around 100 nm was detected in the morning rush hours, but it diminished with the decrease of the traffic volume. Individual-particle analysis revealed that main particles in the tunnel were Fe-rich particles, K-rich particles, mineral particles,Ca–S rich particles and Al–Si particles. The particles collected at the rush hours displayed marked different morphologies, element concentrations and particle sizes compared to the ones collected at the non-rush period. The data presented herein could shed a light on the feature of vehicle emissions.     

恶臭污染精准模拟的峰/均值因子研究进展

大气扩散模型是进行恶臭污染管理的有效工具,它可以评估恶臭污染的影响范围和影响程度.然而,由于恶臭污染的特殊性,通常使用的大气扩散模型模拟结果是小时均值浓度,不能满足恶臭污染评估对瞬时最大值的需求,所以,需要引入峰/均值因子,将扩散模型计算结果从均值浓度（如1 h均值）转换到短时间峰值浓度（如1 s峰值）.通过研究国内外峰/均值因子相关文献,以及国内外恶臭标准、评估技术中峰/均值因子的相关规定,对峰/均值因子的研究理论、影响因素和计算方法进行系统地分析、总结和评述.现阶段的研究表明,峰/均值因子受大气稳定度、距离、地形、污染源类型等多种因素的影响.然而,由于影响峰/均值因子的因素较多,大部分国家和地区只能在其恶臭环境影响评价导则中将峰/均值因子设置为一个或一组固定值,与实际情况不符,因此具有一定的局限性.结合我国的恶臭污染评价现状,建议将峰/均值因子理论引入我国,综合考虑我国的恶臭污染特点、气象特征、地形等,探讨建立适用于我国的不同地区不同污染源类型的峰/均值因子.峰/均值因子的研究可为我国恶臭污染的精准模拟、恶臭防护距离的制订、恶臭暴露-效应关系的研究提供基本理论与技术支持.      

核电站事故后去除土壤处置方法研究

文中综述了国际国内放射性污染土壤处置方法研究进展,结合中国放射性废物处置法律法规,针对中国核电站站堆型,研究分析核电站事故后去除土壤的处置方法,并建议给出了适合于中国核电站事故后去除土壤的处置策略,为中国核电站事故后污染场地的清理方法、土壤去污处理方法的选择明确方向,为修复活动的监管提供技术支持,实现废物最小化。     

旺格维利采矿法矿柱合理尺寸数值模拟

为回收瓦厂坪铝土矿边角矿体并提高矿井资源回收率,本文基于简支梁、固定梁及两区约束理论,结合FLAC~(3D)数值模拟软件,对瓦厂坪铝土矿采用旺格维利采矿法回收边角矿体时刀间矿柱的合理尺寸进行模拟分析,得出刀间矿柱随采硐数目增加所受垂直应力和塑性区的变化规律。结果表明:较合理的刀间矿柱尺寸为1.0 m,1.0 m刀间矿柱能够保护当前回采采硐,且靠近工作面的三到四对刀间矿柱部分发生塑性破坏,能起到临时支撑顶板作用。     

Classification of contaminants and treatability evaluation of domestic wastewater

Long-term sampling and analysis were conducted in a domestic wastewater treatment plant for the investigation on the characteristics of the representative contaminants in raw sewage such as SS, COD, BOD₅, TP, and TN. All these constituents were classified into dissolved and suspended groups by using a 0.45-μm membrane filter, and the concentration of each constituent in each group was analyzed. As a result, almost 100% of the SS was found to be suspended matter, as well as about 65% of COD, 60% of BOD₅, 50% of P, and 20% of N. All these could be easily removed by sedimentation or coagulation/sedimentation. A treatability evaluation diagram was proposed for a rational selection of wastewater treatment process in accordance with raw water quality.     

大气生物污染与健康的研究

本文综述了大气生物污染及其引起疾病方面的研究。在大气微生物污染方面包括了细菌、病毒，特别是真菌污染及其引起的疾病，甚至癌症。在植物花粉对大气的污染方面，介绍了枯草热的发生原因和对健康的危害。作者认为，大气生物污染的评价、治理和毒理学效应等问题值得注意并应进一步研究。     

砷细胞遗传毒理学研究的最近进展

本文对砷细胞遗传毒理学研究的最近进展进行了简要评述。着重介绍了砷对人体，试验动物及某些植物诱发染色体畸变，姊妹染色单体互换及微核的效应；对砷诱发体外培养的人类细胞和试验动物细胞染色体畸变，姊妹染色单体互换及微核效应也作了介绍。     

ICP-MS法用于藕中多元素的分析

用ICP-MS法对藕中的多元素进行分析。并与北京市安全食用农产品产品质量标准所涉及到蔬菜中Cd,Zn,As,Pb,Cu和Hg的标准值进行对比。结果表明，北京地区七个不同菜市场所售的藕除个别Zn含量超标外，其它元素均符合标准。     

垃圾堆肥高效纤维素分解菌的筛选与培育技术

从堆肥、马粪、果园土、污泥等20个样品中，分离筛选出3株对滤纸分解旺盛的纤维素分解菌：C1、C2、C3，并外购康氏木霉、白腐菌、变色栓菌一起作为出发株，经紫外诱变处理后，在含葡萄糖的产酶培养基平板上筛选到能形成较大透明圈的突变株，并进行CMC酶活、微晶纤维素酶活及天然粗纤维分解能力测定。实验结果证明白腐菌经紫外线照射60s诱变而得的C16不仅透明圈大，CMC酶活高（60.08U/mL）是出发株的2倍，而且其对天然粗纤维分解能力强，10d分解率达35％。