浅谈清洁生产在山东焦化行业中的应用

阐述了在焦化行业开展清洁生产的必要性,结合焦化企业开展清洁生产的实例,从废物最小化和资源化等方面概述了清洁生产技术在焦化行业中的应用;并以山东焦化企业为例论述如何做好清洁生产工作。     

Fenton氧化处理剩余污泥的作用机制

大量集中式城市生活污水处理厂的建设,减轻了水体污染;但是,产生的大量城市污泥的处理处置又成为污水处理面临的另一个瓶颈难题。各种物理、化学、生物等方法被应用于污泥处理,高级氧化技术-Fenton氧化在剩余污泥的处理中逐渐受到研究者的重视。文章重点介绍了Fenton氧化在剩余污泥处理中的作用机制,分析了Fenton氧化处理剩余污泥的主要影响因素;并根据Fenton氧化剩余污泥处理优势,对其今后的应用进行了展望。     

Fenton氧化破解剩余污泥中的胞外聚合物

利用Fenton试剂的强氧化性破解剩余污泥中的胞外聚合物（EPS）,通过释放出的多聚糖、蛋白质浓度以及SCOD的变化表征EPS的破解程度,旨在找出Fenton氧化破解EPS的适宜反应条件．结果表明,pH = 2.5,反应时间90 min,H₂O₂/Fe²⁺（质量比）= 8∶1,温度65～70℃为适宜反应条件．该条件下经Fenton氧化,污泥上清液中的SCOD、多聚糖和蛋白质浓度分别由45.88、 10.96和11.99 mg·L^-1增加到684.93、 382.17和302.62 mg·L^-1;污泥颗粒平均粒径和中值粒径分别由供试污泥的838.89 μm和859.20 μm减小到137.22 μm和148.69 μm．Fenton氧化可以有效破解污泥中的EPS,提高污泥的无机化程度,有利于污泥的减量化和资源化．     

苯噻草胺在土壤中的吸附与解吸行为研究

采用批量平衡实验方法,研究了除草剂苯噻草胺在5种不同性质土壤中的吸附与解吸行为,并探讨了土壤有机质及溶液pH值对吸附的影响.结果表明,线性方程与Freundlich方程均能较好地拟合苯噻草胺在土壤中的吸附等温线.计算得到苯噻草胺在5种土壤中的碳标化分配系数K_oc在849.5～1?818.8 L·kg^-1之间,说明土壤对苯噻草胺有较强的吸附能力.苯噻草胺在土壤中的分配系数K_d、Freundlich常数K_f以及K_f(1/n)与土壤有机质含量均呈显著正相关.通过过氧化氢去除有机质后,土壤对苯噻草胺的吸附大大降低,说明土壤有机质是影响苯噻草胺在土壤中吸附的主要因素.对于同种土壤而言,苯噻草胺的吸附量随pH值的增大而减小.解吸实验表明,苯噻草胺在土壤中的解吸过程具有一定的滞后性,推测其在土壤中的迁移能力较差.     

Dynamics of the buoyant plume off the Pearl River Estuary in summer

Field measurements of salinity, wind and river discharge and numerical simulations of hydrodynamics from 1978 to 1984 are used to investigate the dynamics of the buoyant plume off the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), China during summer. The studies have shown that there are four major horizontal buoyant plume types in summer: Offshore Bulge Spreading (Type I), West Alongshore Spreading (Type II), East Offshore Spreading (Type III), and Symmetrical Alongshore Spreading (Type IV). River mouth conditions, winds and ambient coastal currents have inter-influences to the transport processes of the buoyant plume. It is found that all of the four types are surface-advected plumes by analysing the vertical characteristic of the plumes, and the monthly variations of the river discharge affect the plume size dominantly. The correlation coefficient between the PRE plume size and the river discharge reaches 0.85 during the high river discharge season. A wind strength index has been introduced to examine the wind effect. It is confirmed that winds play a significant role in forming the plume morphology. The alongshore wind stress and the coastal currents determine the alongshore plume spreading. The impact of the ambient currents such as Dongsha Current and South China Sea (SCS) Warm Current on the plume off the shelf has also assessed. The present study has demonstrated that both the river discharge and wind conditions affect the plume evolution.     

Effectiveness of fluidized pellet bed for removing soluble contaminants

Fluidized pellet bed (FPB) has been successfully applied in water and wastewater treatment. However, the removal mechanism ofcontaminants especially the soluble ones, is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the e ectiveness of FPB reactor for removingsoluble contaminants from synthetic wastewater. By only coagulation through jar test operation with addition of polyaluminium chloride(PACl) as primary coagulant and polyacryamide (PAM) as coagulant-aid, the removals of soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD),total phosphorus (TP), and NH4+-N were found to be only 2.2%–7.5%, 5.7%–25.5%, and 9.9%–18.5%, respectively. However, by FPBoperation under the same dosage of coagulants, these values increased to 82.7%, 37.2%, and 50%, indicating that the formation ofpellets in the FPB e ectively enhanced the removal of soluble contaminants. By careful comparison of the settleablility and filterabilityof the pollutants after coagulation, the originally soluble contaminants could be divided into three groups, namely: (1) coagulated-andsettleable,(2) coagulated-but-nonsettleable, and (3) uncoagulable. It was found that not only the first two groups but also a large part ofthe third group could be e ectively removed by FPB operation. However, the mechanism for the removal of the uncoagulable pollutantsby FPB operation still needs further investigation.     

Effects of silica nanoparticles on growth and photosynthetic pigment contents of Scenedesmus obliquus

To assess the aquatic ecosystem safety for silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs), the growth inhibition and photosynthetic pigment contents of Scenedesmus obliquus in logarithm growth phase exposed to SiO2 NPs and SiO2 bulk particles (BPs) suspensions were measured. SiO2 NPs with 10-20 nm diameters were found to be toxic. The 20% effective concentration (EC20) values for 72 and 96 hr were 388.1 and 216.5 mg/L, respectively. The contents of chlorophyll decreased significantly under moderate and high concentratio...     

加油站地下储油罐压力管理系统的相关研究

在当前普遍采用的加油站真空辅助式第二阶段油气回收系统中,为了避免回收到地下储油罐中的油气再次通过P/V阀排空,必须对其中气相空间的压力实施有效控制。从国外的发展情况来看,地下储油罐的压力管理系统主要分为基于膜分离技术、基于弹性气囊和基于活性炭吸附三大类,其中膜法油气回收装置在国内已经得到了较多关注。首次系统介绍了气囊式压力管理系统的工作原理及其主要结构设计,具体包括管线布局、钢制压力容器壳体、位于容器顶部封头上的接口组件和全部位于容器内的气囊等;同时对另外一种可行方案进行了分析。     

脉冲电晕反应器结构对乙硫醇消除效果的影响

研究了脉冲电晕等离子体反应器结构的变化对乙硫醇消除效果的影响规律。结果表明,在反应器内设置折流板,可以增加气流的湍动程度,有利于活性粒子与污染物的充分接触,从而提高消除率。高压电极间距对电晕区范围及消毒效果有较大影响,间距较小将导致各电极产生的电场相互干扰明显,消除率减小;而电极间距过大,虽然电极间电场分布相互干扰小,但是反应器内可排布的电极数减少,总电晕区减少,消除率也减小。根据实验结果,电极间距设置为50 mm比较合理。另外,在相同的电场强度和脉冲频率下,毛刺形高压电极比线电极结构能耗低,能量利用率高。