Production and use of DDT containing antifouling paint resulted in high DDTs residue in three paint factory sites and two shipyard sites, China

This study provides the first intensive investigation of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDT) distribution in typical paint factories and shipyards in China where DDT containing antifouling paint were mass produced and used respectively. DDTs were analyzed in soil, sludge and sediment samples collected from three major paint factories and two shipyards. The results showed that the total DDTs concentrations detected in paint factory and shipyard sites ranged from 0.06 to 8387.24 mg kg⁻¹. In comparison with paint factory sites, the shipyard sites were much more seriously contaminated. However, for both kinds of sites, the DDTs level was found to be largely affected by history and capacity of production and use of DDT containing antifouling paint. (DDE + DDD)/DDT ratios indicated that DDT containing antifouling paint could serve as important fresh input sources for DDTs. It can be seen that most samples in shipyards were in ranges where heavy contamination and potential ecological risk were identified.     

大型变电站在近断层地震动作用下的地震反应分析

结合近断层地震动特征,针对我国变电站量大面广的特点,建立了考虑变电站主体结构-电气设备相互作用的三维动力分析模型;选取多条实际近断层地震动记录作为地震动输入,采用非线性动力时程分析方法对大型变电站进行地震反应分析,并与远断层地震动作用下的地震反应结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,大型变电站在近断层地震动作用下的地震反应大于远断层地震动作用下的结果,该类建筑物对近断层地震动的作用较敏感,近断层处变电站的地震破坏影响程度更大。此外,还分析了近断层地震动作用下采用隔震技术的变电站地震反应,发现其抗震性能优于未采用隔震措施的变电站,即隔震技术适用于建造在近断层附近的变电站。     

枯草芽孢杆菌H110对苹果梨采后青霉病和黑斑病的抑制效果

将具有广谱拮抗作用的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)H110作为生防菌株,研究了该菌的培养液、滤液、菌悬液及蛋白粗提液对苹果梨(Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.)青霉病(Penicillium expansum Link)和黑斑病(Alternaria alternate)的抑制效果.H110的蛋白粗提液的抑制作用最好,青霉病和黑斑病的发病率分别比对照低92.7%和86.6%,病斑直径也显著小于对照;其次为菌培养液和菌悬液,滤液的抑制效果相对较差,但4种处理均显著好于对照.4种处理对病原菌孢子萌发的抑制效果与in vivo试验的效果一致.实验结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌通过产生抗菌蛋白和竞争作用抑制病原菌生长.图1表2参17     

玉米秸秆覆盖免耕对土壤呼吸的影响

土壤呼吸是大气CO2的重要来源,而我国华北平原玉米秸秆覆盖免耕对土壤呼吸的影响的研究报道较少.该文的研究目的主要在于揭示玉米秸秆覆盖免耕对土壤呼吸的影响,为农作措施对碳循环的影响的研究提供理论依据.覆盖免耕试验结果表明,玉米秸秆覆盖免耕土壤CO2全年平均释放量为13.2 g·m-2·d-1,分别比还翻处理和清翻处理增加8.38％和27.6％.所有测定时间中,除去2007年4月24日外,在其余取样时间里处理之间CO2释放量均呈差异显著.不同处理土壤呼吸均表现出显著的季节性动态变化,7月是全年的呼吸高峰期,覆盖免耕在5月多出一次高峰期.玉米秸秆覆盖免耕全年土壤呼吸的最低峰值比最高峰值降低77.1%,显著高于清茬翻耕和还田翻耕,表明玉米秸秆覆盖免耕土壤呼吸季节性变化较为强烈.     

Residues of organochlorine pesticides in water and suspended particulate matter from the Yangtze River catchment of Wuhan, China

The residues of 13 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in surface water and HCHs and DDTs in suspended particulate matter (SPM) from rivers and lakes in Yangtze River catchment of Wuhan, China, were investigated. The concentration of total OCPs in surface water varied from 1.01 to 46.49 ng l⁻¹ (mean 10.55 ng l⁻¹). The levels of total HCHs (ΣHCH) and total DDTs (ΣDDT) in surface water were in the range of 0.55–28.07 ng l⁻¹ and lower than detection limit to 16.71 ng l⁻¹, respectively, which was lower than Chinese standards on the whole. For OCPs residues in SPM, the mean levels varying from 0.20 to 34.72 ng l⁻¹ and 0.46 to 2.72 ng l⁻¹ for ΣHCH and ΣDDT, respectively, which ranked the relatively higher levels among Chinese studied rivers. Results from this investigation showed that previous excessive usage of technical OCPs was the main reason for the residues of HCHs and DDTs both in surface water and SPM, although some new sources were likely to occurred in the region. Apart from the OCPs in SPM originated from upstream in flood season, one of the important sources of OCP residues both in water and SPM in Yangtze River was supposed to be the inputs of its tributaries. Additionally, in situ water-SPM phase distributions of OCPs indicated that HCHs tended totransport with water as well as DDTs was prone to combine with SPM in Yangtze River catchment of Wuhan.     

Pollution characteristics of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of Haicang District in Xiamen City, Southeast China

The compositions, spatial distributions, seasonal variations and ozone formation potential (OFP) of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were investigated in the atmosphere of Haicang District, Xiamen City, Southeast China. Twenty-four types of VOCs were measured in this study, and ethanol, methylene chloride, toluene, ethyl acetate and isopropyl alcohol were the abundant species based on concentration rank. The concentrations of total VOCs (TVOCs) in industrial areas were higher than those in residential and administrative areas and background site. For industrial areas, the TVOCs concentrations in summer were higher than those in winter, which might result from higher emissions from industrial activities because of stronger evaporation in summer. In contrast, non-industrial areas showed higher concentrations in winter due to the unfavorable meteorological conditions. The spatial distribution of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) followed the order of industrial areas > residential and administrative areas > background site, and the concentrations in summer were lower than those in winter for most sites. The high ratios (8.9-14.0) of T/B in this study indicated that industrial emissions were the main sources in this district. X/B ratios were used to assess the ages of air parcels and provided evidence of the transport of air parcels among these sites. Total OFP (TOFP) showed the trend of increase with the increase of TVOCs, and toluene was found as the major contributor to TOFP.     

邯郸地区2017—2021年PM2.5和O3污染特征

利用实时监测数据分析2017—2021年邯郸市及周边区县PM_2.5和O₃污染特征。研究发现:2017—2021年各地区PM_2.5年均质量浓度持续降低,轻度及轻度以上污染逐渐减少;2017—2019年O₃污染加剧,2020年起O₃年均质量浓度逐年下降,污染天不断减少。PM_2.5和O₃-8 h分别在1月(平均浓度为127.3 μg/m³,平均超标22d)和6月(平均浓度为233.4 μg/m³,平均超标22 d)污染最严重。结合气象参数分析来看,PM_2.5与温度、风速和降水量呈显著负相关,与相对湿度呈显著正相关;O₃-8h与温度呈显著正相关,而与风速、湿度和降水量的相关性较弱。后向轨迹和潜在源分析表明:邯郸地区PM_2.5典型污染月受山西省中部地区污染传输影响最大,O₃典型污染月受河南省东部污染传输影响最大。     

Effects of H19/SAHH/DNMT1 on the oxidative DNA damage related to benzo[a]pyrene exposure

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The mechanisms that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19 binding to S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) interacted with DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)...     

Differences of methods to quantify construction and demolition waste for less-developed but fast-growing countries: China as a case study

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - As China and other developing countries continue to urbanize over the next decades, construction and demolition waste (CDW) management has been...     

Characterization and assessment of contaminated soil and groundwater at an organic chemical plant site in Chongqing,Southwest China

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Contamination from organic chemical plants can cause serious pollution of soil and groundwater ecosystems. To characterize soil contamination and to evaluate...