中国加入WTO环保产业面临的机遇与挑战

中国加入世界贸易组织（ＷＴＯ）意味着中国将与世界上１３５个国家相互开放市场，对中国的环境保护、环保产业将来产生何种影响，文章进行了分析与阐述。总的结论是：机遇是主要的且具有深远意义；挑战是现实的且又不可回避。     

合理回收和再利用涤纶POY废油剂

洛阳石油化工总厂长丝车间POY废油剂原来是各条生产线分别收集，然后由污水处理场处理。设计合理的POY废油剂回收方案，将回收的POY油剂经多级过滤，再利用于生产，可以节约油剂消耗量，同时大大减少了环保处理费用。     

用LCA方法评估城市“白色垃圾”的处置

对目前城市白色垃圾的 2种普遍处置方法———厌氧卫生填埋法和焚烧法进行了LCA分析评估 ,得出焚烧法可使环境负担相对较轻的结论。     

中美环境影响评价制度中公众参与的比较研究

公众参与是环境影响评价制度的重要组成部分,有利于取得经济效益、社会效益、环境效益的协调统一.相对于美国环境影响评价制度中已发展成熟的公众参与制度,中国公众参与还处在探索阶段.通过对中美环境影响评价制度中公众参与产生的背景的介绍,以及公众参与评价对象、参评阶段等内容的比较,指出中国环境影响评价制度中公众参与存在的不足.以期在美国立法具体、操作性强的基础之上,找出可供中国公众参与立法的借鉴之处,并提出了完善中国公众参与立法的建议.     

一种新型沉降离心分离装置自控排液阀的设计

设计了一种新型的自控排液阀,来实现沉降离心分离装置中液体和悬浮物的连续分离和自动排出.从理论上论述了自控阀的工作原理,并对自控阀的可靠性进行了分析.讨论了有关参数对该阀动作的影响.设计的自控排液阀可使悬浮物的分离装置结构简单紧凑,实现高效、可靠的连续作业.     

The preparation of Zn2+-doped TiO(2) nanoparticles by sol-gel and solid phase reaction methods respectively and their photocatalytic activities

The photocatalytic oxidation of the organic pollutants with TiO(2) as photocatalyst has been widely studied in the world, and many achievements have been made. The degradation of pollutants is highly related to the photocatalytic activity of TiO(2). It is demonstrated that doping ions to TiO(2) is one way to enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO(2). In this paper, Zn(2+)-doped TiO(2) nanoparticles were prepared through sol-gel and solid phase reaction methods, characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The photocatalytic activity of the elaborated powders was studied following the degradation of Rhodamine B. The results showed that the photocatalytic activity of Zn(2+)-doped TiO(2) prepared by sol-gel method is close to that of pure TiO(2) particles, however, the photocatalytic activity of Zn(2+)-doped TiO(2) prepared by solid phase reaction method is much higher than that of pure TiO(2) particles. The most efficient degradation of Rhodamine B was found with TiO(2) particles doped with 0.5% Zn(2+) in mole and calcined at 500 degrees C. Also the reason for the enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of TiO(2) by Zn(2+) doping through solid phase reaction method was discussed.     

Occurrence and risk assessment of currently used organophosphate pesticides in overlying water and surface sediments in Guangzhou urban waterways,China

Organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) are one type of the most massively used pesticides and ubiquitously detected in aquatic environments, which may pose potential risks to the aquatic organisms and human health. In the present study, the spatiotemporal distribution and potential risks of OPPs were investigated in overlying water and surficial sediments from urban waterways of Guangzhou. For all studied sites, in general, four target OPPs (i.e., malathion, chlorpyrifos, terbufos, and diazinon) were present in the overlying water, with malathion and chlorpyrifos as major components. Higher concentrations of the four OPPs were found for the water and sediments collected in the dry season compared to the wet season, possibly because of the dilution effect of heavy rains. The results of Pearson’s analyses and principal coordinate analyses (PCoA) suggested similar sources for target OPPs in the water and sediments across the Guangzhou urban waterways. Potential ecological risks of the OPPs to three representative taxons (algae, aquatic invertebrates, and fish) were evaluated via toxic units (TUs) and risk quotients (RQs), while risk assessment on human health was performed using hazard index (HI). Although TU results showed no acute risks to the aquatic organisms in the overlying water and surface sediments, RQ results of the mixture showed high risks to the aquatic invertebrate and fish in all water samples. Individual HI values and cumulative HI values were on the order of 10^?6–10^?3 for children and adults, suggesting no potential risks to either children or adults through drinking and bathing.

Graphical abstract

     

法律健全性对环境保护推行的影响研究分析

过去不健全的环境法律制度对环境保护的推进作用不明显,对环境污染企业的惩罚力度较低,健全的法律制度对环境保护可以起到一定的引导作用,对环境产业的组织管理机构起到全面组织和引导环境保护推行的作用;在提高经济发展的同时还能够带动国民其它行业和部门的发展。健全的法律制度可以很好的规范环保产业市场发展,创新环境的公共管理。通过《环保法》对环境治理做出了一系列要求,加强环境保护推进的力量,促使环保产业和经济快速发展。     

Ce-based catalysts used in advanced oxidation processes for organic wastewater treatment: A review

Refractory organic pollutants in water threaten human health and environmental safety, and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are effective for the degradation of these pollutants. Catalysts play vital role in AOPs, and Ce-based catalysts have exhibited excellent performance. Recently, the development and application of Ce-based catalysts in various AOPs have been reported. Our study conducts the first review in this rapid growing field. This paper clarifies the variety and properties of Ce-based catalysts. Their applications in different AOP systems (catalytic ozonation, photodegradation, Fenton-like reactions, sulfate radical-based AOPs, and catalytic sonochemistry) are discussed. Different Ce-based catalysts suit different reaction systems and produce different active radicals. Finally, future research directions of Ce-based catalysts in AOP systems are suggested.     

MnCeOx/diatomite catalyst for persulfate activation to degrade organic pollutants

Persulfate(PS)-based oxidation technologies are attracting increasing attentions in water treatment due to their high efficiency and stability.In this study,a novel diatomite supported MnCeO_x composite(MnCeO_x/diatomite) was prepared and characterized for activation of PS to degrade organic pollutants.Results indicated that diatomite not only dispersed MnCeO_x and increased the specific surface area of catalyst,but also improved the low-valence metal site(Mn~(2+)and Ce~(3+)) and reactive oxygen species site(-OH) of MnCeO_x,thus enhancing the activities of MnCeO_x.MnCeO_x/diatomite/PS showed high efficiency for multiple dyes and pharmaceutical pollutants.Constant rate(k) of MnCeO_x/diatomite(k_(MnCeOx/diatomite)) was three times higher than the sum of constant rate of MnCeOx(k_(MnCeO_x))and constant rate of diatomite(k_(diatomite)).In addition,MnCeO_x/diatomite showed wide pH application(5-9).Cl~- and NO_3~(2-) had no effect while SO_4~(2-) and humid acid had slightly negative effects on MnCeOx/diatomite/PS system.Moreover,MnCeOx/diatomite showed good reusability and stability.Mechanism analyses indicated that electron transfer of Mn and Ce attributed to the activation of PS and oxygen to produce free radicals.SO_4·~-,·OH and O_2·~-on the surface of catalyst were the main active free radicals to attack pollutants.